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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (19)
  • Engineering General  (17)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1990-1994  (30)
  • 1980-1984  (21)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 65 (1982), S. 2422-2430 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The water relaxation rates of several flavoproteins in the semiquinone state have been investigated by the spin echo technique. The results indicate a rather unspecific interaction between water and the protein-bound flavosemiquinones. An average interaction distance of 0.3-0.5 nm has been estimated. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants the free energy of activation for proton exchange is calculated to be about 17 kJ/mol. The rate of proton exchange is around 1011 s-1 for the flavosemiquinones investigated are accessible to water regardless of their ionic state.The large difference in relaxation rates of water protons between D- and L- amino-acid oxidases is noticeable. Oxynitrilase exhibits the highest whereas Azotobacter vinelandii flavodoxin shows the lowest water relaxation rate of the flavoproteins studied. The results are discussed in relation to the visible-light absorption properties of the flavoproteins.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1296-1303 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flavinium salts dissolved in an ethanolic glass exhibit blue fluorescence and orange-red phosphorescence upon excitation with a UV. line from an argon ion laser equipped with UV. optics. This arrangement enables the wavelength distribution and the time-dependence of the phosphorescence to be measured in a relatively short time. Four cationic flavins were investigated. In spite of the small difference in the chemical structure of the compounds studied, large differences in the spectral shapes and in the ratio of quantum efficiencies of phosphorescence and fluorescence became apparent. The phosphorescence lifetimes were of the same order of magnitude, which indicated a similar rate of depletion of the lowest excited triplet state for all four cations. However, the efficiency of triplet formation (intersystem crossing) is affected by slight structural modifications in the pyrimidine subnucleus of the flavinium salt. The results point to a possible role of vibronic spin-orbit coupling in the intersystem crossing.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1740-1742 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 204 (1990), S. 177-196 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This light and transmission electron microscopical study shows that the first polar body is given off before ovulation and that part of its cell membrane and that of the surrounding oocyte have long microvilli at the time of its ejection. Several layers of cumulus cells initially surround the secondary oocyte and first polar body, but the ovulated oocytes in the oviducts in the process of being fertilized do not have cumulus cells around them. Partly expelled second polar bodies occur in the oviduct; they are elongated structures that lack organelles and have electron-dense nuclei. A small fertilization cone appears to form around the sperm tail at the time of sperm entry into the egg and an incorporation cone develops around the sperm head in the egg cytoplasm. In three fertilized eggs a small hole was seen in the zona, which was presumably formed by the spermatozoon during penetration. Cortical granules, present in ovarian oocytes, are not seen in fertilized tubal or uterine eggs; release of their contents probably reduces the chances of polyspermy, although at least one polyspermic fertilized egg was seen and several other fertilized eggs had spermatozoa within the zona pellucida. In the zygote the pronuclei come to lie close together, but there was no evidence of fusion. A “yolk mass,” which becomes eccentric before ovulation, is extruded by the time the two-cell embryos are formed, but many vacuoles remain in the non-yolky pole of the egg. A shell membrane of variable thickness is present around all uterine eggs but its origin remains undetermined.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 277-292 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Oocyte maturation ; Sperm - egg interaction ; Sperm incorporation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Various morphological aspects of in vivo egg maturation and sperm - egg interaction were investigated in the Australian marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata with the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Cortical granules invariably occurred in primary oocytes, with the number increasing after resumption of the first meiotic division. They generally occurred close to the oolemma, including the region near the oocyte nucleus. After mating, spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, which had a homogeneous electron-dense matrix, were found on the outer zona surface, but loss of acrosomal contents had occurred by the time of zona penetration. Sperm incorporation into the egg took place at the metaphase II stage of meiosis, and, at this time, cortical granules disappeared from the egg cortex. Sperm heads with condensed chromatin in the egg cytoplasm had an electron-dense layer of subacrosomal material over part of the dorsal nuclear surface, but no membranes were present around these incorporated spermatozoa. Sperm chromatin decondensation resulted in an elevation of egg cytoplasm, and the cell membrane over this area lacked microvilli. The pronuclear envelope was not laid down until after chromatin decondensation had occurred. By this time the fertilized egg had reached the uterus, and a smooth, electron-dense, shell membrane had been deposited. These observations, together with our previous findings, indicate that some of the processes of sperm - egg interaction are similar to those in eutherian mammals, whereas others appear highly divergent.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 78-86 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Marsupial ; Sperm head ; Chromatin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The organization of sperm chromatin in the dasyurid marsupial, Sminthopsis crassicaudata, was investigated using various morphological techniques. Transmission electron microscopy indicates two quite distinct chromatin regions became evident late in spermiogenesis with an outer globular region containing blocks of very electron-dense chromatin. Fluorescent light microscopical studies after staining with DNA dyes and 7-amino actinomycin D of testicular, caput, and cauda epididymal spermatozoa showed that this region fluoresced less brightly than the rest of the nucleus, indicating the presence of fewer DNA binding sites. Freeze fracture showed that the chromatin in most of the nucleus had randomly arranged particles of various sizes, but that of the outer region was composed entirely of small particles. This outer region was more resistant to low concentrations of the ionic detergent, SDS, whereas both guanidine hydrochloride and urea together with sodium chloride generally dispersed all the chromatin except that in the outer globular region and in a localized area of the nucleus beneath the acrosome. This study has thus revealed that the outer globular chromatin of these spermatozoa responds differently to ionic detergents and protein denaturing agents and has a different chromatin organization than most of the rest of the nucleus. The significance of these differences remains, however, to be determined. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 30 (1991), S. 369-384 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: F-actin ; Sperm head ; Australian rodents ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution of filamentous actin around the maturing sperm head and in spermatozoa of four species of Australian conilurine rodents was investigated at the light and electron microscopic levels. Similar results were obtained for all the species studied. Mechanically isolated spermatids had NBD-phallacidin-positive longitudinal bands of fluorescence over the dorsolateral surface and, in late spermatids, bands of bright fluorescence passed perpendicularly from the dorsal convex to ventral concave surface. TEM observations indicated that these regions corresponded to filaments of ectoplasmic specializations and granular filamentous material around the tubulobulbar complexes, respectively. In testicular and cauda spermatozoa NBD-phallacidin fluorescent material was present in the two ventral processes that extended from the upper concave surface of the sperm head; also fainter material occurred along the concave border and as a dorsocaudal spur. Its distribution was identical for testicular and cauda spermatozoa. TEM of late spermatids showed that in the ventral process closest to the apical hook there were between 170 and 245 filaments, which attached to the inner surface of the postacrosomal dense lamina; in the more caudal ventral process about 70 filaments occurred. No filaments were, however, visible in the mature spermatozoon but, after immunocytochemical labelling for actin, deposition of gold particles was evident over ventral processes of both late spermatids and cauda spermatozoa. Within the female tract these ventral processes made contact with the zona matrix and were taken into the egg cytoplasm unchanged in morphology. The possible functional significance of the filamentous actin in these structures is discussed.
    Additional Material: 39 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 112 (1982), S. 307-315 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Ca2+ activation mechanism of the longitudinal body wall muscles of Parastichopus californicus (sea cucumber) was studied using skinned muscle fiber bundles. Reversible phosphorylation of the myosin light chains correlated with Ca2+-activated tension and relaxation. Pretreatment of the skinned fibers with ATPγS and high Ca2+ (10-5M) resulted in irreversible thiophosphorylation of the myosin light chains and activation of a Ca2+ insensitive tension. In contrast, pretreatment with low Ca2+ (10-8M) and ATPγS results in no thiophosphorylation of the myosin light chains or irreversible activation of tension. These results are consistent with a Ca2+-sensitive myosin light chain kinase/phosphatase system being responsible for the activation of the muscle. Other agents known to have an effect upon the Ca2+-activated tension in skinned vertebrate smooth muscle fibers (trifluoperazine, catalytic subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and calmodulin) did not have an effect on myosin light chain phosphorylation or Ca2+-activated tension. These results suggest a different type of myosin light chain kinase than is found in vertebrate smooth muscle is responsible for the activation of parastichopus longitudinal body wall muscle.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 10 (1984), S. 31-44 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: subacrosomal space ; sperm ; murid rodents ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This scanning and transmission electron microscopical study has been performed to determine the extent of the development of the subacrosomal space in the sperm head of various members of the subfamily, the Hydromyinae, which is a diverse group of murid rodents occurring in various habitats in Australia. Sperm of all species from the three tribes of Hydromyini, Uromyini, and Conilurini investigated in this study had a head with three hooks although their absolute and relative lengths varied markedly. The top hook was similar in structure to that present in many other murid rodents and had a typical pseudoperforatorium present. The two ventral hooks had nuclear material basally, apical to which a large extension of the subacrosomal space occurred. Studies of testicular sections showed that the ventral hooks were formed late in spermiogenesis largely after condensation of the nucleus during which time electron dense material accumulated within them. No structure homologous to these hooks has been found in sperm from any other mammalian group, but, as the three tribes of Hydromyinae probably diverged about 20 million years ago, the extension of the subacrosomal space presumably evolved prior to this date.
    Additional Material: 41 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 661-675 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Navier-Stokes ; Velocity-vorticity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A velocity-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is presented as an alternative to the primitive variables approach. The velocity components and the vorticity are solved for in a fully coupled manner using a Newton method. No artificial viscosity is required in this formulation. The pressure is updated by a method allowing natural imposition of boundary conditions. Incompressible and subsonic results are presented for two-dimensional laminar internal flows up to high Reynolds numbers.
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