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  • Articles  (18)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • Aphidius sonchi  (3)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphid/parasite interactions ; parasitization ; host age ; Hyperomyzus lactucae ; Aphidius sonchi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dix-neuf cohortes d'Hyperomyzus lactucae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), élevées dans différentes conditions de lumière et de température, ont été exposées à différents moments de leur développement aux attaques d'Aphidius sonchi Marsh. (Hym. Aphidiidae). Quels que soient les conditions d'élevage et l'âge des pucerons quand ils ont été parasités, la survie, le développement et la reproduction n'ont été affectés que lorsque les parasites avaient accompli 30, 40 et 55% de leur développement total. Ainsi, les pucerons parasités au premier stade ou au début du second ne parvenaient pas à atteindre la maturité. Par la suite, le nombre de jeunes produits par les pucerons parasités a cru rapidement au fur et à mesure que l'âge de ces derniers au moment où ils avaient été parasités la dernière mue ou plus tard présentaient la même potentialité pour contribuer à l'accroissement ultérieur de la population. Comparés aux effets sur la mue, les effets sur le développement alaire des larves potentiellement ailées apparaissent beaucoup plus tôt après le moment où le puceron a été parasité, mais là aussi avec des délais plus ou moins indépendants de l'âge de l'hôte lors de la première attaque du parasite. Par conséquent, le degré de développement des ailes dépendait totalement de l'âge du puceron lorsqu'ila été parasité. Ces résultats ont montré que l'âge du puceron lors de la première attaque détermine les conséquences du parasitisme de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen cohorts of Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) reared at various temperaturelight regimes were exposed to attack by Aphidius sonchi Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) at different ages of their development. Irrespective of host age at the initial parasitization and rearing conditions, the rates of reproduction, development and survival were unaffected until the parasites within had completed approximately 30, 40 and 55% of their total development respectively. As a result, aphids parasitized in the first or early second instar failed to reach maturity. Thereafter, the numbers of young produced by parasitized aphids increased rapidly as the age of the hosts at initial parasitization increased, and aphids parasitized 3 days after the final moult or later showed similar potential to contribute to future population increase. In comparison with the effects on host moulting, those on wing development of the potentially alatiform nymphs appeared much sooner after the beginning of parasitization, but again with the time lags being more or less independent of host age at the initial parasite attack. Consequently, the extent of wing development depended entirely on the age of the hosts when attacked. These results showed that the age of the host at the initial parasite attack is crucial in determining the consequences of parasitization on the host.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Development rate ; effect of temperature ; temperature fluctuations ; extreme temperatures ; Aphidius sonchi ; Aphidiidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La durée du développement de l'oeuf à l'adulte de deux lignées d'A. sonchi Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) a été déterminée en températures constantes et avec des thermopériodes. La courbe logistique a décrit correctement la relation entre la température et la vitesse de développement pour chacune des deux lignées en conditions constantes. En se basant sur les courbes à température constante, les comparaisons ont montré que l'alternance thermique n'accélère, ni ne ralentit le développement des lignées. Une analyse complémentaire a montré que le développement aux températures extrêmes était correctement décrit par la courbe logistique. Les données et les analyses consécutives ont montré: (1) que par suite de l'aspect curviligne de la relation, les durées de développement en conditions constantes et thermopériodiques peuvent différer considérablement si les comparaisons portent sur les températures quotidiennes moyennes; (2) qu'en conséquence, le seuil de développement et la constante thermique estimés par une transformation hyperbolique des données concernant les températures quotidiennes moyennes varieront avec l'amplitude et le mode de fluctuation; et (3) que les relations thermiques obtenues à partir des données de laboratoire ne peuvent être utilisées en confiance pour prédire le développement des insectes dans la nature.
    Notes: Abstract The developmental periods from egg to adult of two stocks of the aphid parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), were determined under various constant and alternating temperature regimes. The relationship between temperature and rate of development for each of the two stocks under constant conditions was described satisfactorily by the logistic curve. Based on the constant temperature curves, comparisons showed that temperature alternations did not accelerate or decelerate rate of development in either stock. Further analysis indicated that rates of development at extreme temperatures were well described by the logistic curve. The data and subsequent analyses showed that (1) because of the curvilinear form of the relationship, durations of development can differ considerably between constant and varying conditions if comparisons are made using daily mean temperatures; (2) as a result, the development threshold and thermal constant estimated by a hyperbolic transformation of data referred to daily mean temperatures will vary with the amplitude and pattern of fluctuations; and (3) temperature relationships derived from laboratory data can be used safely to predict the development of insects in the field.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Oviposition preferences ; random egg distribution ; aphid instars and morphs ; Aphidius sonchi ; Ichneumonidea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Quand les sept stades et types du puceron Hyperomyzus lactucea L. sont présentés ensemble à la ponte de son hyménoptère parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall, le nombre d'oeufs pondus est particulièrement élevé dans les larves de l'hôte au 3ème stade. Les pucerons adultes et les larves alatiformes avaient reçu le plus faible nombre d'oeufs. Quand les différents types et les sept stades sont exposés séparément, comparativement moins d'oeufs sont pondus à la fois sur les larves des 3ème et 4ème stades aptériformes. Ces résultats suggèrent que, quand on lui donne le choix, le parasite préfère les plus grosses laryes aptériformes. La distribution des oeufs parmi les individus du même stade était généralement au hasard.
    Notes: Abstract When the seven available instars and morphs of the aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), were exposed together to oviposition by its hymenopterous parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall, the numbers of eggs laid were highest in the nymphal instars, particularly in third instar hosts. Adult aphids and alatiform nymphs had the least numbers of eggs laid in them. When the seven instars and morphs were exposed separately, comparatively fewer eggs were laid in both third and fourth (apteriform) instar hosts. These results suggested that, when given a choice, the parasite prefers larger apteriform nymphs. The distribution of eggs among individuals of the same instar during the 3-h test exposure was generally found to be random.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The variable-temperature proton nmr spectra of the oligoribonucleotides in the series CpApX and the series ApGpX, X = A, G, C, U, together with the parent dimers CpA and ApG have been measured. A complete analysis of all the nonexchangeable base proton resonances and ribose H-1′ proton resonances was made. The presence of trends in the shielding abilities of the various bases at both the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor positions were identified. The observed shieldings could be used to predict the chemical shifts of protons in related systems. Based on the empirical results from ribodinucleoside monophosphates, the temperature-dependent behavior of the J1′2′ coupling constants of the triribonucleotides suggested that the compounds in the CpApX series stacked from the 5′-end to the 3′-end, while those in the ApGpX series stacked from the 3′-end to the 5′-end.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 169-179 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthetic cyclic octapeptides of general structure cyclo[Glu(γOBzl)-Sar-Gly-(N-R)Gly]2 (R = n-hexyl and cyclohexyl) transport calcium ions selectively across organic phases and phospholipid membranes. We have now used proton nmr spectroscopy (360 MHz) to study the solution conformation(s) of their calcium complexes. When Ca(ClO4)2 was added to solutions of these peptides in CDCl3, nmr spectra of the resulting calcium complexes were characteristic of a single C2-symmetric conformer. From a Karplus-Bystrov analysis of vicinal coupling constants in both the peptide backbone and Glu side chain (treated as an ABCC′MX spin system), in conjuction with model-building studies, a structure was proposed in which the calcium ion is bound in an octahedral-type complex by the four (coplanar) carbonyl groups of the (all-trans) Glu-Sar and Gly-(N-R)Gly peptide bonds. Occurrence of preferred rotamers about Glu side chain Cα-Cβ bonds indicated that restricted rotation in peptide side chains arises upon calcium binding.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 781-788 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization of acrylamide with allyl glycidyl ether yielded water soluble polymers containing an epoxy group; addition of a crosslinking agent, N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide), to the copolymerization mixtures resulted in the formation of similar though water insoluble polymers. Condensation of a potent beta-adrenergic antagonist Alm—H, which contains a reactive amino group, with a polymer containing an epoxy group yeilded a pharmacologically active polymer. The polymer containing the epoxy group was also converted, by reaction with sodium thiosulfate and subsequent reduction, into a mecapto groups containing polymer which was also water soluble. The latter polymer was converted by condensation with a beta-adrenergic antagonist Alm—COCH2Br, which contains a reactive bromoacetamido group, into a pharmacologically active polymer.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oligocyclosiloxanes ; hydrosilation ; heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane ; siloxane redistribution ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of oligocyclosiloxanes via hydrosilation reactions has been investigated. Hydrosilation reactions employing heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and vinyl-containing silanes and siloxanes yielded a variety of oligocyclosiloxanes with various numbers of cyclosiloxane rings connected through tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, or octafunctional junctions. The oligocyclosiloxanes were characterized by gas chromatography, IR spectroscopy, 29Si-, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and vapor phase osmometry. The polycyclics were redistributed with hexamethyldisiloxane and the resulting fragments analyzed by gas chromatography. All results were consistent with the formation of isomeric oligocyclosiloxanes due to a lack of absolute regioselectivity of the hydrosilation reaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton nmr spectra of the oligoribonucleotides in the series CpXpG, ApXpG, CpApXpUpG, and ApGpXpC (X = A, G, C, and U), together with the reference compounds CpG, ApG, CpApUpG, and ApGpC, have been measured. A complete analysis of all the nonexchangeable base protons and the ribose H-1′ protons was made. The insertion of a nucleotide X into a oligoribonucleotide led to shift changes at both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor positions, which were rationalized in terms of the shielding abilities of the various bases. The derived shielding trends in the ApGpXpC series of compounds were successfully used to predict the chemical shifts of resonances in the related ApGpXpCpU series.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 485-496 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new route (“direct forming”) was developed for forming dense PBI shapes from PBI powder. The new process affords the possibility of automated PBI powder shaping (“cold compaction”) and densification in batches of multiple parts by a “powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing” process. Direct forming is a more productive alternative to hot compression molding. Two developments enable PBI direct forming: (1) the discovery that PBI powders that are porous and plasticized with moisture can be shaped by compaction at ambient temperatures (cold-compacted), and (2) a finding that cold-compacted shapes can be densified in large batches by a powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing. The porous PBI powder is formed from PBI in solution by a spray-precipitation process. When plasticized with moisture, this powder is cold-compactible to PBI shapes with densities up to 94% of that of ultimate density of PBI. These shapes, which have sufficient strength to be handled, are then further consolidated via powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing to shapes with excellent thermal and mechanical properties and densities of about 99% of the ultimate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The need for alternatives to autogenous bone grafts is widely recognized. This study compared the torsional strength of canine femora 1 year after grafting with one of three forms of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bone grafting material (COLLAGRAFT15), autogenous bone, or no graft. The groups were compared to each other and to the unoperated contralateral femora. Results of torsional testing were evaluated for torsional strength, torsional displacement, total energy to fracture and White fracture mode. Data analysis showed lower torsional strength of the operated vs. unoperated femora with the exception of morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 material, which had higher strength. However, the only difference in the operated groups was that the morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 had greater strength than several groups including the autogenous bone group. There was no difference found in angular displacement between any of the groups. However, there was a difference in the energy to fracture in both strip forms of the COLLAGRAFT15. The final conclusion is that in this model, grafting with COLLAGRAFT15 provided torsional properties at one year postoperatively at least equivalent to autogenous bone. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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