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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous phylogeny involving the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 544-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160467
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing the spread of fibronectin type III domains in bacterial glycohydrolases (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 631-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Fibronectin type III ; Bacteria ; Glycohydrolases ; Phylogeny ; Horizontal gene transfers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary spread of 22 fibronectin type III (Fn3) sequences among a dozen bacterial enzymes has been traced by searching databases with the non-Fn3 parts of the enzyme sequences. Numerous homologues were found that lacked the Fn3 domains. In each case the related sequences were aligned, phylogenetic trees were constructed, and the occurrences of Fn3 units on the trees were noted. Comparison with phylogenetic trees prepared from the Fn3 segments themselves allowed inferences to be made about when the Fn3 units were shuffled into their present positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labile cochlear tuning in the mustached bat (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1993), S. 725-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cochlea ; Echolocation ; Resonance ; Body temperature ; Pteronotus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cochlea of the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) has sharp tuning characteristics and pronounced resonance within a narrow band near the second harmonic, constant frequency (CF2) component of the animal's biosonar signals. That fine frequency discrimination occurs within this narrow band is evident from Doppler-shift compensation, whereby bats in flight lower the frequency of emitted CF2s to maintain returning echoes within this band. This study examined various factors capable of producing shifts in both the cochlear resonance frequency (CRF) and CF2s emitted by stationary bats and bats actively Doppler-shift compensating on a pendulum. Each of three experimental factors shifted the CRF in a reversible manner. Changes in body temperature produced an average CRF shift of 39 ± 18 Hz/°C. The CRF increased with flight by 150 ± 100 Hz and returned to baseline values within 10 min after flight. Contralateral sound exposure produced smaller (100 ± 20 Hz), rapid shifts in the CRF, suggesting that a mechanism different from the temperature- and flight-related shifts was involved. Changes in the CRF induced by temperature and flight were accompanied by shifts in the emitted CF2 of stationary and moving bats. Coupled with a companion study of associated shifts in neural tuning, the concomitant changes in CRF and CF2 provide evidence of cochlear tuning lability in the mustached bat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213069
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labile cochlear tuning in the mustached bat (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1993), S. 735-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cochlea ; Cochlear nucleus ; Inferior colliculus ; Tonotopy ; Pteronotus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acoustic stimuli near 60 kHz elicit pronounced resonance in the cochlea of the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii parnellii). The cochlear resonance frequency (CRF) is near the second harmonic, constant frequency (CF2) component of the bat's biosonar signals. Within narrow bands where CF2 and third harmonic (CF3) echoes are maintained, the cochlea has sharp tuning characteristics that are conserved throughout the central auditory system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of temperature-related shifts in the CRF on the tuning properties of neurons in the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus. Eighty-two single and multi-unit recordings were characterizedin 6 awake bats with chronically implanted cochlear microphonic electrodes. As the CRF changed with body temperature, the tuning curves of neurons sharply tuned to frequencies near the CF2 and CF3 shifted with the CRF in every case, yielding a change in the unit's best frequency. The results show that cochlear tuning is labile in the mustached bat, and that this lability produces tonotopic shifts in the frequency response of central auditory neurons. Furthermore, results provide evidence of shifts in the frequency-to-place code within the sharply tuned CF2 and CF3 regions of the cochlea. In conjunction with the finding that biosonar emission frequency and the CRF shift concomitantly with temperature and flight, it is concluded that the adjustment of biosonar signals accommodates the shifts in cochlear and neural tuning that occur with active echolocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213070
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of evolutionary rates of the two major kinds of superoxide dismutase (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; Phylogeny ; Evolutionary rates ; Horizontal gene transfers ; Molecular clock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phylogenetic trees were constructed for 25 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases and 31 Mn/Fe superoxide dismutases. The latter set includes seven new sequences that we determined in an effort to make the two phylogenies equally representative. We analyzed all pairwise differences in each set in an attempt to estimate rates of change. As reported by others, the Cu-Zn enzyme has experienced significant changes in its evolutionary rate. In contrast, the clock for the Mn/Fe enzyme is ticking quite regularly. The comparison of these two independently evolved superoxide dismutases that catalyze the same reaction and occur together throughout much of the biological world suggests that adaptation to environmental stress is not the basis for the erratic rate of change observed in the Cu-Zn enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182394
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acids as determinants of host preference for the xylem feeding leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 83 (1990), S. 338-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Host preference ; Leafhoppers ; Amino acids ; Homalodisca coagulata ; Xylem feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Homalodisca coagulata is a highly polyphagous xylem feeder with distinct seasonal patterns in it's selection of host plants. These patterns were examined in relation to the amino acid content of the xylem for four common host species; Lagerstroemia indica, Baccharis halimifolia, Prunus persica, and Prunus salicina. Xylem fluid was collected from each host species at times when numbers of feeding leafhoppers were both low and high. In each case, concentrations of amino acids were greatest when numbers were high. Similarly, comparisons between host species at given times showed that concentrations of amino acids were positively correlated with host selection. In a second study, amino acids of xylem were manipulated by budding scions of a non-preferred host (P. persica) on rootstocks of preferred (P. salinica) and non-preferred (P. persica) hosts. Morphology and phenology of the budded trees were similar to that of the scion species yet the xylem composition of amino acids was primarily dependent on the rootstock. Concentrations of amino acids and the preference of leafhoppers were roughly two-fold greater for scions of the preferred than the non-preferred rootstock. In both studies, amides (glutamine plus asparagine) were the amino acids most highly correlated with host selection. These compounds are the predominant amino acids in xylem fluid, have high nitrogen to carbon ratios, and account for a high percentage of the caloric value in xylem fluid. Many of the less abundant amino acids were positively correlated with host preference, but the correlations were less consistent and correlation coefficients were generally lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317557
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid sequence comparison as an aid to determining evolutionary origins (1992)
    Springer
    The protein journal 11 (1992), S. 422-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling between H+ transport and anaerobic glycolysis in turtle urinary bladder: Effects of inhibitors of H+ ATPase (1981)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 59 (1981), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The coupling between H+ transport (J H) and anaerobic glycolysis was examinedin vitro in an anaerobic preparation of turtle urinary bladder.J H was measured as the short-circuit current after Na+ transport was abolished with ouabain and by pH stat titration. The media were gassed with N2 and 1% CO2 (PO2〈0.5 mm Hg) and contained 10mm glucose. Under these conditions,J H was not inhibited by 3mm serosal (S) cyanide or by 0.1mm mucosal (M) dinitrophenol. Control anerobic lactate production (J lac) of 47 bladders was plotted as a function of simultaneously measuredJ H. The slope ofJ lac onJ H was 0.58±0.12 with an intercept forJ lac atJ H=0 of 0.55 μmol/hr. Values for δJ lac/δJ H were determined in groups of individual bladders whenJ H was inhibited by an opposing pH gradient (0.55±0.16), by acetazolamide (0.58±0.19) and by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, DCCD (0.58±0.14). The constancy of δJ lac/δJ H indicates a high degree of coupling betweenJ H andJ lac. Since the anaerobic metabolism of glucose produces one ATP for each lactate formed, the δJ lac/δJ H values can be used to estimate the stoichiometry of H+ translocation. The movement of slightly less than 2 H+ ions is coupled to the hydrolysis of one ATP. During anaerobiosis (absence of mitochondrial ATPase function) the acidification pump was not inhibited byM addition of oligomycin but was inhibited byM addition of DCCD and Dio-9, inhibitors of H+ flow in the proteolipid portion of H+-translocating ATPases. DCCD inhibited anaerobicJ H without change in δJ lac/δJ H or basalJ lac and, therefore, acted primarily on the H+ pump.S addition of vanadate also inhibitedJ H, but the inhibition was associated with an increase inJ lac. The site of this apparent uncoupling remains to be defined. The acidification pump of the luminal cell membrane of the turtle bladder has H+-ATPase characteristics that differ from mitochondrial ATPase in that H+ transport is oligomycin-resistant and vanadate-sensitive. As judged from the flows of H+ and lactate, the H+/ATP stoichiometry of the pump is about 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870818
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure-group influence and institutional change: Branch-banking legislation during the Great Depression (1993)
    Springer
    Public choice 77 (1993), S. 687-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Between 1931 and 1935 the change in the state laws governing the organizational structure of banking was significant. Twenty-two states relaxed restrictions over branch banking, even though many had previously prohibited it. We apply a model of pressure-group and rent-seeking behavior to investigate the reasons underlying this remarkable shift in the institutional arrangements for regulating the structure of the banking industry. The findings indicate that the extraordinarily high rate of bank failures tipped the political balance toward the pro-branching forces in many states. However, in a number of states growth in the influence of branch and group bankers and increases in urbanization were largely responsible for the relaxation of restrictions over branch banking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047989
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the clerid predatorThanasimus dubius (F.) to bark beetle pheromones and tree volatiles in a wind tunnel (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Cleridae ; Thanasimus dubius ; beetle ; predation ; frontalin ; ipsdienol ; α-pinene ; southern pine beetle ; Ips spp. ; Scolytidae ; ipsenol ; endo-brevicomin ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tree volatiles and pheromones produced by southern bark beetles were bioassayed for response by the clerid predatorThanasimus dubius (F.). Upwind flights in a laboratory olfactometer, modified from Visser (1976), were used to determine the attractiveness of compounds. Differences in response to a solvent control and pheromone treatment were tested for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Both sexes ofT. dubius responded to frontalin, ipsdienol, and α-pinene in a dose-dependent manner with different but overlapping concentration ranges. Strong differences between the sexes were observed in response totrans-verbenol, verbenone, andl-β-pinene. Neither sex responded to ipsenol orendo-brevicomin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987655
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