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  • 1
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    Some aspects of the relation between Pi 1-2 magnetic pulsations observed at L = 1.3-2.1 on the ground and substorm-associated magnetic field variations in the near-earth magnetotail observed by AMPTE CCE (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 3611-361
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Reference model for CH4 and N2O and trends (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Data from the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder on Nimbus 7 were used as the basis for a model of the abundances of nitrous oxide and methane in the stratosphere. A version of this was produced two years ago (Taylor, Dudhia, and Rodgers - hereafter called the original paper) and in this new paper some of the possible error sources and long term trends are considered in more detail. The principle source of error in the SAMS retrievals is thought to be the use of climatological ozone profiles to invert the temperature profile data. However, it was found that the effect is too small, and of the opposite sign, to explain the discrepancies between satellite and in situ measurements, noted in the original paper. As expected, no systematic trends which exceed the estimated error in the data are found in either methane or nitrous oxide.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 31: Reference Models of Trace Species for the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere; p 80-84
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  • 3
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    Proposed reference models for nitrous oxide and methane in the middle atmosphere (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Data from the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) on the Nimbus 7 satellite, for the period from Jan. 1979 - Dec. 1981, are used to prepare a reference model for the long-lived trace gases, methane and nitrous oxide, in the stratosphere. The model is presented in tabular form on seventeen pressure surfaces from 20 to 0.1 mb, in 10 degree latitude bins from 50S to 70N, and for each month of the year. The means by which the data quality and interannual variability, and some of the more interesting globally and seasonally variable features of the data are discussed briefly.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 31: Reference Models of Trace Species for the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere; p 67-79
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  • 4
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    Geostationary earth climate sensor: Scientific utility and feasibility, phase A (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The possibility of accurate broad band radiation budget measurements from a GEO platform will provide a unique opportunity for viewing radiation processes in the atmosphere-ocean system. The CSU/TRW team has prepared a Phase 1 instrument design study demonstrating that measurements of radiation budget are practical from geosynchronous orbit with proven technology. This instrument concept is the Geostationary Earth Climate Sensor (GECS). A range of resolutions down to 20 km at the top of the atmosphere are possible, depending upon the scientific goals of the experiment. These tradeoffs of resolution and measurement repeat cycles are examined for scientific utility. The design of a flexible instrument is shown to be possible to meet the two goals: long-term, systematic monitoring of the diurnal cycles of radiation budget; and high time and space resolution studies of regional radiation features.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-191919 , NAS 1.26:191919
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  • 5
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    Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) experiment data user's guide (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) aboard Nimbus-7 observes infrared radiation from the atmospheric limb. Global upper atmosphere temperature profiles and vertical concentrations of H2O, NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 are derived from these measurements. The status of all channels was carefully monitored. Temperature and composition were retrieved from the measurements by linearizing the direct equation about an a priori profile and using an optimum statistical estimator to find the most likely solution. The derived temperature and composition profiles are archived on two tape products whose file structure and record formats are described in detail. The gridded retrieved temperature tape (GRID-T) contains daily day and night average temperatures at 62 pressure levels in a 2.5 degree latitude by 10 degree longitude grid extending from 67.5 degrees N to 50 degrees S. The zonal mean methane and nitrous oxide composition tape (ZMT-G) contains zonal mean day and night average CH4 and N2O mixing ratios at 31 pressure levels for 2.5 degrees latitude zones extending from 67.5 degrees N to 50 degrees S.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1221 , NAS 1.61:1221 , REPT-89B00074
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  • 6
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    A mechanism to produce a dawn-dusk component of plasma flow during magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Magnetic reconnection between antiparallel field lines in the magnetotail is generally thought to produce plasma acceleration in the earthward-tailward direction. However, measurements of the plasma velocity in the magnetotail during substorm activity sometimes reveal a dawn-dusk component of plasma flow. In this paper, we show that a dawn-dusk component of plasma acceleration may be produced during reconnection if the neutral line is not perpendicular to the magnetic field. In this case, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations show that reconnection between antiparallel field lines will initially produce plasma acceleration that is nearly parallel to the neutral line because the magnetic tension force is not opposed by a pressure gradient force in this direction. As the magnetic field topology evolves to a steady state, the plasma flow direction rotates until it is nearly parallel to the plane that initially contained the antiparallel magnetic field lines before reconnection (hereafter referred to as the initial field plane). However, the time required to reach a steady state (typically several hundred seconds in the magnetotail region) may be greater than the time during which the reconnection process is active. Consequently, bursts of plasma flow with a dawn-dusk component may occur in the magnetotail. The initial acceleration along the neutral line depends on the angle theta (sub B) between the neutral line and the initial field plane, with the largest burst of plasma flow along the neutral line occuring when theta (s ub B) = 45 degs.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A4; p. 5869-5875
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  • 7
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    Dating earthquakes with high-precision thorium-230 ages of very young corals (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Three corals from Vanuatu Islands, whose ages were known from counting annual growth bands, were analyzed by Th-230 age analysis to asses the accuracy of the Th-230 method. The comparison of Th-230 ages with the growth-band ages showed that the Th-230 ages were accurate within an error of + or - 3-5 y. Th-230 dates were then determined for two adjacent emerged heads from Santo Island; the dates were the same, indicating that the heads died at the same time, and consistent with the theory that they were killed by coseismic emergence around 1865 AD. The difference between this data and the data of the only major historically documented earthquake that caused an uplift (1973) suggests a seismic recurrence interval of 108 + or - 4 y for Santo. It is suggested that this approach may be extended back in time and to other localities.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 90; 4; 371-381
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  • 8
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    Electric field measurements during supercharging events on the MAIMIK rocket experiment (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data are presented on the evolution of electric field structures near the MAIMIK mother-daughter tethered rocket during active electron emissions from the rocket, which consisted of two separately instrumented payload sections which were detached in-flight. The results of the E field data analysis show that the temporal behavior of the fields was consistent with ion responses to the rapid charging of the active payload. A qualitative model of the interaction between the active payload and the ambient plasma background is developed to explain the electric field data, including the apparent causal relationship between the radial and tangential impulse components.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 3601-361
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  • 9
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    Latitude survey of aerosol optical thickness of the El Chichon eruption cloud in May 1983 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of measurements of the latitudinal distribution of the El Chichon eruption cloud in May 1983 for the latitude range between 71 deg N and 56 deg S are presented. Aerosol optical thicknesses are calculated from solar spectral extinction measurements made with a sunphotometer on board the NASA Convair 990 aircraft. It is shown that the thicknesses vary in the range between 0.12 and 0.01, that a maximum of about 0.12 is found at middle latitudes, and that distinct minima of 0.01-0.02 are observed at 25-deg latitude in both hemispheres. The median radius of particles is found to be between 0.16 micron and 0.18 micron in the northern hemisphere and between 0.11 micron and 0.15 micron in the southern hemisphere. Rough estimates of aerosol mass indicate that about 1.5 megatonnes of aerosol still persisted in the stratosphere between the equator and 25-deg N one year after the eruption.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 12; 255-258
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  • 10
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    Evidence from satellite altimetry for small-scale convection in the mantle (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Small scale convection can be defined as that part of the mantle circulation in which upwellings and downwellings can occur beneath the lithosphere within the interiors of plates, in contrast to the large scale flow associated with plate motions where upwellings and downwellings occur at ridges and trenches. The two scales of convection will interact so that the form of the small scale convection will depend on how it arises within the large scale flow. Observations based on GEOS-3 and SEASAT altimetry suggest that small scale convection occurs in at least two different ways.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Geopotential Res. Mission (GRM); p 69-70
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