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  • 1
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    Delay of gratification in children (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mischel, W -- Shoda, Y -- Rodriguez, M I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):933-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York 10027〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological ; Attention ; Child ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Frustration ; Humans ; *Individuality ; Male ; Reward ; Social Adjustment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Description: An introduced whitefly species, responsible for over a half billion dollars in damage to U.S. agricultural production in 1991, is morphologically indistinguishable from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). However, with the use of polymerase chain reaction-based DNA differentiation tests, allozymic frequency analyses, crossing experiments, and mating behavior studies, the introduced whitefly is found to be a distinct species. Recognition of this new species, the silverleaf whitefly, is critical in the search for management options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perring, T M -- Cooper, A D -- Rodriguez, R J -- Farrar, C A -- Bellows, T S Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 1;259(5091):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA/genetics ; Diptera/*classification/genetics/*physiology ; Enzymes/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Spatial operator factorization and inversion of the manipulator mass matrix (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper advances two linear operator factorizations of the manipulator mass matrix. Embedded in the factorizations are many of the techniques that are regarded as very efficient computational solutions to inverse and forward dynamics problems. The operator factorizations provide a high-level architectural understanding of the mass matrix and its inverse, which is not visible in the detailed algorithms. They also lead to a new approach to the development of computer programs or organize complexity in robot dynamics.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation (ISSN 1042-296X); 8; 65-76
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Antarctic ozone - Meteoric control of HNO3 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Atmospheric circulation leads to an accumulation of debris from meteors in the Antarctic stratosphere at the beginning of austral spring. The major component of meteoric material is alkaline, comprised predominantly of the oxides of magnesium and iron. These metals may neutralize the natural acidity of stratospheric aerosols, remove nitric acid from the gas phase, and bond it as metal nitrates in the aerosol phase. Removal of nitric acid vapor has been previously shown to be a critical link in the photochemical depletion of ozone in the Antarctic spring, by allowing for increased catalytic loss from chlorine and bromine.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 1-4
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  • 5
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    Nitrogen and chlorine species in the spring Antarctic stratosphere - Comparison of models with Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The concentrations and the time development of chlorine and nitrogen trace gases in the Antarctic stratosphere before, during, and after the Airborne Antractic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) were simulated using photochemical models of the Antractic stratosphere during winter/spring. The initial conditions in the calculations were constrained using observations by the AAOE instrument. The comparison of calculated results with the AAOE measurements of HCl and ClO suggest that heterogeneous chemistry was maintained throughout the month of September 1987.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16683-16
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  • 6
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    JPL space robotics: Present accomplishments and future thrusts (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Complex missions require routine and unscheduled inspection for safe operation. The purpose of research in this task is to facilitate structural inspection of the planned Space Station while mitigating the need for extravehicular activity (EVA), and giving the operator supervisory control over detailed and somewhat mundane, but important tasks. The telerobotic system enables inspection relative to a given reference (e.g., the status of the facility at the time of the last inspection) and alerts the operator to potential anomalies for verification and action. There are two primary objectives of this project: (1) To develop technologies that enable well-integrated NASA ground-to-orbit telerobotics operations, and (2) to develop a prototype common architecture workstation which implements these capabilities for other NASA technology projects and planned NASA flight applications. This task develops and supports three telerobot control modes which are applicable to time delay operation: Preview teleoperation, teleprogramming, and supervised autonomy.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space 1994; p 131-134
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Field-aligned dynamics of chemically induced perturbations to the ionosphere (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ionospheric modification using photochemically reactive vapors is studied with a one-dimensional, multiion, fluid model of plasma flow along magnetic field lines. The magnitudes of ion and electron density changes are determined by considering both chemical processes (i.e., photoionization, ion-molecule reactions, dissociative recombination, electron attachment) and transport processes (i.e., multispecies diffusion, electric currents, ambipolar electric fields). The numerical treatment in the model is not specific to any type of release or any interaction chemistry. It has been used to simulate releases of Ba, CO2, and CF3Br in the ionosphere, but generalization to other species may be easily accomplished. The results of the calculations are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. The feasibility of modifying the parallel current paths in the auroral F region is examined.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 13
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  • 8
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    Implications of AAOE observations for proposed chemical explanations of the seasonal and interannual behavior of Antarctic ozone (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Model simulations were used to investigate the seasonal and interannual behavior of ozone for different choices of initial odd nitrogen concentration in July and different assumptions on the heterogeneous reactions, with particular consideration given to the possible contribution of chlorine chemistry to the ozone hole phenomenon. The numerical experiments were selected based on the simulations of the observed trace gas concentrations during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment in 1987. In all cases considered, the catalytic cycle associated with the formation and photolysis of Cl2O2 could account for more than half of the photochemical removal of O3 within the Antarctic vortex through mid-September. The reaction of BrO with ClO, which accounts for 15-20 percent of O3 removal in the same period, tends to play a more important role toward the end of September, when the concentration of ClO is expected to decrease. No simple relationship was found between the increase in chlorine lavel and the interannual decrease in Antarctic O3.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16705-16
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  • 9
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    Stratospheric aircraft exhaust plume and wake chemistry studies (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report documents progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere. Estimates are given for the emissions, summarizing relevant earlier work (CIAP) and reviewing current propulsion research efforts. The chemical evolution and the mixing and vortical motion of the exhaust are analyzed to track the exhaust and its speciation as the emissions are mixed to atmospheric scales. The species tracked include those that could be heterogeneously reactive on the surfaces of the condensed solid water (ice) particles and on exhaust soot particle surfaces. Dispersion and reaction of chemical constituents in the far wake are studied with a Lagrangian air parcel model, in conjunction with a radiation code to calculate the net heating/cooling. Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous chemistry of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric acid hydrates are also described. Results include the solubility of HCl in sulfuric acid which is a key parameter for modeling stratospheric processing. We also report initial results for condensation of nitric acid trihydrate from gas phase H2O and HNO3.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-189688 , NAS 1.26:189688 , ARI-RR-902
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  • 10
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    Space Station Freedom seal leakage rate analysis and testing summary: Air leaks in ambient versus vacuum exit conditions (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report is intended to reveal the apparent relationship of air seal leakage rates between 2 atmospheres (atm) to 1 atm and 1 atm to vacuum conditions. Gas dynamics analysis is provided as well as data summarizing the MSFC test report, 'Space Station Freedom (S.S. Freedom) Seal Flaw Study With Delta Pressure Leak Rate Comparison Test Report'.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-103604 , NAS 1.15:103604
    Format: application/pdf
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