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  • Chemical Engineering  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1252-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The drawing characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns spun at 1000 and 3000 m/min and film cast at 10 m/min have been studied as functions of drawing temperature up to 200°C and drawing rate up to 50 min-1. The fiber spun at 1000 m/min and the film had very low degrees of pre-orientation and flow-drawing occurred 20 to 30°C above their respective glass transition temperatures, for which the drawing tension dropped to almost zero and the resulting drawn samples were found to be amorphous and isotropic. In these samples, flow-drawing could be prevented if they were drawn at relatively low temperatures or high strain rates. The partially-oriented yarn spun at 3000 m/min, which had higher pre-orientation, did not exhibit flow-drawing under the conditions used. Flow-drawing apparently occurs due to molecular relaxation processes, which predominate if the drawing temperatures are high, the strain rates are low, and the PET precursor has a low degree of orientation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301909
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temperature-dependence of some mechanical properties of a cured epoxy resin system (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 812-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile mechanical properties and fracture toughness of a Bisphenol-A type difunctional epoxy resin, cured with different amounts of metaphenylene diamine, using two cure cycles, were determined over a range of temperature. The tensile modulus in the glassy state was seen to be predominantly related to intermolecular packing, while in the rubbery state crosslink density was the important factor. Yielding appeared to be due to an increase in free volume as a result of dilatation during the tensile test and was related to a critical shear stress. The large strain properties like tensile strength, elongation-to-break, and toughness showed a more complex dependence on chemical structure, molecular architecture, intermolecular packing, and crosslink density. The roles played by the relaxation processes in determining mechanical properties are highlighted.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760251305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some studies on glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene. Part II: Mechanical properties and their dependence on fiber length, interfacial adhesion, and fiber dispersion (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 16-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two commercial grades of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene granules, one containing short fibers of average length around 0.5 mm with a coupling agent and the other containing relatively much longer fibers mostly around 9 mm, but no coupling agent, were injection-molded into dumbbells and tested in tension between -43 and 90°C. There is considerable fiber attrition during injection molding; the fiber lengths are reduced to average values of 0.4 to 0.8 mm for thses two samples. Also during injection molding of the test sample, partial molecular alignment of the matrix (polypropylene) occurs which supplements the reinforcement of the matrix due to the aligned glass fibers (30 percent by weight) present in the composite sample. The stiffness and strength of these samples do not reflect the effects of fiber lengths since most of the fibers are of very small length in the molded specimen and also since the sample with longer fibers has a non-uniform distribution of fibers. While the interfacial shear strength does not appear to play a significant role in determining stiffness, it turns out to be extremely important in controlling strength, particularly at the higher test temperatures. The room temperature impact strength is high for the sample containing relatively longer fibers of average length around 0.8 mm in which fiber dispersion is non-uniform and fiber agglomerates are present. Acoustic emission data shows that debonding and fiber pull-out are the main contributors to sample toughness; this observation is supported by scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradative transesterification of terephthalate polyesters to obtain DOTP plasticizer for flexible PVCOriginally presented at Davos Recycle '92, International Forum and Exposition, Davos, Switzerland, April 7-10, 1992. Organized by Maack Business Services, Plastics and Technology Marketing, Moosacherstrasse 14; CH-8804 Au/Zurich, Switzerland. (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 15 (1993), S. 100-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been found that dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), can be made from scrap terephthalate polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by a method known as degradative transesterification. It is recognized that this plasticizer is as good as plasticizer as commercial DOTP, and that it may potentially replace dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The production of DOTP from scrap PET is shown to be cost effective. The use of this technology may provide a solution to a part of our solid-waste problem.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730150210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some studies on glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene. Part I: Reduction in fiber length during processing (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 8-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The reduction in fiber length during extrusion and injection molding of two commercial glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene products containing 30 percent by weight of glass fibers was studied. The first product had very small fibers of average length around 0.5 mm and also contained a coupling agent. The second product contained relatively longer glass fibers of 9 mm length and no coupling agent. In both cases, fiber attrition occurs predominantly at the solid-melt interface in the meiting zone of the extruder. However, in the short fiber granules, the maximum of the length distribution, which for the initial sample is around 0.5 mm, moved to shorter fiber lengths along the screw channels further from the hopper. In the long fiber granules, a bimodal length distribution was obtained in the intermediate channels; the first maximum was around the original length of 9 mm and the second centered around 0.5 mm. Thus, the forces at the solid-melt interface result in fiber breakage to lengths which are predominantly around 0.5 mm. The fiber attrition was observed to be more severe in injection molding apparently because of higher shear rates and also because the fibers had to pass through narrow channels. The measured distributions of fiber length along the screw channels for the two products are presented, and the possible mechanisms of fiber breakage are discussed. The mechanical properties of samples containing different fiber length distributions and the effects of fiber length and interfacial adhesion on properties are presented and discussed in Part II.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(vinyl chloride)/plasticizer-mixture interactions. Part I. Phthalate ester mixtures (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 10 (1988), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flory-Huggins interaction parameters, χ, have been determined as a function of plasticizer composition for poly(vinyl chloride) in various binary mixtures of phthalate ester plasticizers using a method involving the micro-determination of the temperature at which PVC particles in excess plasticizer appear to melt. An optimum composition at which χ goes through a minimum was found to exist for some of the systems. A good correlation between the apparent melting temperature tm and χ for the neat plasticizers with PVC was also established.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730100206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(Vinyl chloride)/plasticizer-mixture interactions - mixtures of various plasticizers of industrial importance (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 11 (1989), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, x, has been determined as a function of plasticizer composition, φ2, for several ternary mixtures of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and different pairs of plasticizers, selected mainly from the family of aliphatic esters. The method employed was the micro-determination of the apparent melting temperature of a PVC particle in excess plasticizer. In some systems X changed fairly gradually as a function of φ2, while other systems exhibited a pronounced minimum in the X - φ2 plots. Attention has been drawn to the similarity of this latter behavior to the well known co-solvency effect. The existence of such minima is of partical interest in plasticized PVC formulations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730110105
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