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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5,295)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2,812)
  • 1990-1994  (4,686)
  • 1985-1989  (3,421)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of modified calcium phosphate surface on the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1403-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the absence and in the presence of unmodified and modified calcium phosphate surface with adsorbed stearic acid from stearic acid benzene solution; this was found to accelerate the polymerization process. The acceleration was found to depend on the extent of modification. The apparent activation energy was also found to decrease with surface modification. It was also found that the calcium phosphate surface modified with stearic acid has an effect on the sedimentation rate and sediment volume in organic medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of aluminium oxide trihydrate particle size on the combustion of polydimethylsiloxane (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 14 (1989), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The regularities of thermal degradation of Al(OH)3 powders and the compositions of polydimethylsiloxane and fire retardant with different particle sizes (from 2 μm to 45 μm) were studied by the use of dynamic thermogravimetry (TG), mass spectrometry (MS) and high-temperature pyrolysis. It was shown that the size of the flame-retardant particles influences the physico-mechanical characteristics and combustion of polymeric compositions based on polydimethylsiloxane. The filling of polymer with fine flame retardants improves the tensile properties of vulcanizates but the flame retardance is reduced markedly. The time of free combustion and the length of the burnt parts are increased, the oxygen index and time of ignition delay are decreased while the flame temperature near the surface of the burning sample rises.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810140402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical conductivity of butyl rubber loaded with different types of carbon black (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In dieser Arbeit interessieren wir uns für den Einfluß von Konzentration und Temperatur auf den elektrischen Widerstand eines Butyl-Kautschuks (IIR), der mit zwei Typen von Ruß (Hoch-Abrasion-Schmelzofen-Ruß (HAF) und Schnell-Extrusion-Hochofen-Ruß (FEF)) versetzt ist. Ergebnis war, daß die Leitfähigkeit bei niedrigem Rußgehalt hauptsächlich durch thermische Aktivierung der Ladungsträger erreicht wird. Bei mittleren Konzentrationen überwiegt der Tunnel-Mechanismus bei niedriger Temperatur, gefolgt von der thermischen Aktivierung bei relativ hoher Temperatur. Dies gilt für beide Rußarten. Das metallartige Verhalten bei Gemischen mit hoher Rußkonzentration kann sowohl der thermischen Ausdehnung der Tunnelwege zwischen Kohlenstoff-Agglomeraten als auch dem Zusammenbruch der Kohlenstoff-Agglomerate bei steigender Temperatur zugeschrieben werden.
    Notes: In this study we are interested in the effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical resistivity of butyl rubber (IIR) loaded with two types of carbon black, (namely, high abrasion furnace black (HAF), and fast extrusion furnace black (FEF)). It was found that the conductivity at low carbon black concentrations is mainly achieved by thermal activation of carriers. Tunneling mechanism at low termperature followed by thermal activation at relatively high temperature is found to be predominant for moderate concentrations for both carbon blacks. The metal-like behaviour which was observed in highly loaded compounds was attributed to both, the thermal expansion of the tunneling paths between carbon-carbon agglomerates and the breakdown of carbon agglomerates with temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051650106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox polymerization of methyl acrylate in absence and in presence of some inorganic silicon compounds (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 609-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl acrylate in water using ammonium, potassium, and sodium persulphates with sodium bisulphite as redox initiation system was studied. It has been found that ammonium persulphate had the least activity on the rate of polymerization and resulted in the formation of the highest viscosity average molecular weights for the obtained polymers. The rate of polymerization was found to increase with sodium bisulphite concentration in the redox system, but the viscosity average molecular weights were found to decrease with the increase of sodium bisulphite concentration. Addition of some inorganic silicon compounds (containing the same weight equivalent of SiO2) resulted in increasing the rate of polymerization and decreasing the induction period. The average molecular weights obtained in presence of china clay were found to be the highest and those obtained in presence of talc were the least.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260224
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some free and chelated iron ions on the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 155 (1987), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die wäßrige Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde in Abwesenheit und in Gegenwart einiger anorganischer Eisensalze und Komplexe unter Verwendung von natriumbisulfit als Bildner für Initiatorradikale durchgeführt. Die polymerisation in Abwesenheit von Eisensalzen oder Komplexen führte zur Bildung des höchsten durchschnittlichen Molekulargewichts und der niedrigsten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, während die Verwendung von Salzen mit freien Eisenionen sowohl die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie des Systems als auch die erhaltenen mittleren Molekulargewichte herabsetzte und die Anfangsreaktionsgeschwindigkeit erhöhte. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde für komplexiertes Eisen in kaliumferro- und -ferricyanid eine Verzögerung bzw. vollständige Inhibierung der Polymerisation beobachtet.
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in absence and in presence of some inorganic iron salts and complexes using sodium bisulphite as a producer of initiator radicals. Polymerization in absence of iron salts or complexes resulted in the highest average molecular weights formation and the least reaction rates, while using salts in which the iron is ionizable lowered both the apparent energy of activation (Ea) of the system and the obtained average molecular weights and increased the initial rates. On the contrary, when the iron is chelated, as in case of potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide, a retardation or complete inhibition of the polymerization reaction took place, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051550102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of saturated and unsaturated copolyesters based on bis-1,4-(dicarboxymethoxy) benzene (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1727-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Saturated copolyester were prepared by copolyesterification of bis-1,4-(dicarboxymethoxy) benzene and phthalic anhydride with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,2-propane diol, and 1,6-hexamethylene glycol. Also, unsaturated copolyesters were prepared by copolyesterification of bis-1,4-(dicarboxymethoxy) benzene and maleic anhydride with the same glycols. All the copolyester resins obtained have been characterized and unsaturated copolyesters in the form of films were determined. IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the copolyesters resins and their hydrolyzate products, after curing with styrene. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate and characterization of the obtained polymers in the presence of N,N-dioxalyl P-amino benzoyl N,N-dioxalyl urea and its Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied using sodium bisulfite as initiator in the absence and presence of a new organic chelating agent, N,N-dioxalyl p-amino benzoyl N,N-dioxalyl urea, and its iron (II) and (III) complexes. The organic ligand with free carboxyl groups has a retarding effect on the polymerization reaction while its iron complexes have a catalytic effect. The mechanisms of the catalytic effect of iron complexes or the inhibition mechanism of the organic ligand are discussed. The effect of pH values on the polymerization processes was also investigated. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 4.99 × 104 J/mol, 6.38 × 104 J/mol, 4.46 × 104 J/mol, and 3.72 × 104 J/mol in the absence and in the presence of 0.5 g of ligand and 0.1 g of its Fe (II) and (III) complexes, respectively. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible fluorescence on IR excitation of polar dimethylaminobenzylidene 1,3-indandione crystals (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 2 (1993), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Dimethylaminobenzylidene ; 1,3-indandione crystals ; Non-linear optical effects ; Electronic structure ; Absorption and luminescence spectra ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: A novel non-linear fluorescence (NLF) effect in polar dimethylaminobenzylidene 1,3-indandione (DMABI) crystals is presented and discussed. A single crystal or vacuum-evaporated layer of DMABI excited in the IR region at 1064 nm (by a Q-switched YAG laser) emits red light in the visible region of the spectrum at 600-740 nm depending on the DMABI crystalline modification. This anti-Stokes luminescence shows a quadratic dependence on the exciting light intensity which transforms to a linear dependence at very high excitation intensities. The observed NLF effect under IR excitation is determined by optical transitions into intermolecular charge transfer (CT) states. It has been suggested that the photoexcited singlet 1CT excitations may either interact in a quadratic singlet-singlet (1CT + 1CT) annihilation reaction or, more probably, form long-lived triplet 3CT excitons via a hyperfine interaction effect which may subsequently annihilate in a similar bimolecular fusion reaction (3CT + 3CT). In both cases the excited molecular singlet state S1 is formed and thus the NLF effect is due to singlet-singlet or triplet-triplet fusion of CT excitons. A detailed energy diagram and kinetic description of the model are presented. Quantum chemical calculations of the electronic structure of the DMABI molecule illustrate the dipolar nature of its ground and excited states.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860020503
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopic and dielectric studies of swollen cellulose (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 731-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Infrared spectra of treated cotton linters and bleached cotton stalk pulp with different concentrations of ethylene diamine and zinc chloride solution are studied. The structural changes brought about by these treatments have been studied from infrared spectral diagrams. It is found that the crystallinity index calculated from the infrared spectral data of these treated pulps decreases with increasing concentration of ethylene diamine and zinc chloride. The decrease in the crystallinity index (Crl) of the treated pulp with zinc chloride is higher than in case of treatment with ethylene diamine (EDA). The detectable frequency change at the hydrogen bonded OH of cotton linters by treatment with zinc chloride and ethylene diamine reflects the contributions of this bond in the swollen pulp. The dielectric study of these treated pulps confirmed the molecular structural changes determined from IR spectroscopic study.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of MMA onto PVC films (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2941-2950 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An approach to the problem of producing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) graft copolymer exhibiting good mechanical properties and electrical resistance that suits its uses as an electrical insulator has been investigated. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto PVC using γ-radiation as initiator has been studied. PVC was chemically modified, and the effect of the change in its chemical and physical structure on its properties was investigated. In this grafting system, different solvents were tried and it was found that the most suitable diluent for the grafting of MMA onto PVC films is methanol. An appreciable improvement in tensile properties of the graft copolymer was achieved. The most suitable degree of grafting, concerning electrical insulation efficiency, was found to be near 80%. Gel determination in the graft copolymer was carried out, and a crosslinked network structure was formed. Increasing the crosslinking content in the graft copolymer leads to a decrease in the extent of swelling due to the less diffusivity of the solutions through such network structure.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411131
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