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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (184)
  • Elsevier
  • 1990-1994  (134)
  • 1985-1989  (108)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: The complete amino acid sequence of amphiregulin, a bifunctional cell growth modulator, was determined. The truncated form contains 78 amino acids, whereas a larger form of amphiregulin contains six additional amino acids at the amino-terminal end. The amino-terminal half of amphiregulin is extremely hydrophilic and contains unusually high numbers of lysine, arginine, and asparagine residues. The carboxyl-terminal half of amphiregulin (residues 46 to 84) exhibits striking homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of proteins. Amphiregulin binds to the EGF receptor but not as well as EGF does. Amphiregulin fully supplants the requirement for EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha in murine keratinocyte growth, but it is a much weaker growth stimulator in other cell systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoyab, M -- Plowman, G D -- McDonald, V L -- Bradley, J G -- Todaro, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oncogen, Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amphiregulin ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Division ; EGF Family of Proteins ; Epidermal Growth Factor/physiology ; Epidermis/cytology ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Humans ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Keratins/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transforming Growth Factors/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: When stimulated through their antigen receptor without requisite costimulation, T cells enter a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness termed anergy. In this study, signaling through the common gamma chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-7 receptors in the presence of antigen was found to be sufficient to prevent the induction of anergy. After culture with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7, Jak3 kinase was tyrosine-phosphorylated, which correlated with the prevention of anergy. Therefore, a signal through the common gamma chain may regulate the decision of T cells to either clonally expand or enter a state of anergy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boussiotis, V A -- Barber, D L -- Nakarai, T -- Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Bernstein, G M -- D'Andrea, A D -- Ritz, J -- Nadler, L M -- AI 35225/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1039-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Clonal Anergy/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; HLA-DR7 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Interleukins/immunology ; Janus Kinase 3 ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1994-07-22
    Description: On 21 July 1969, during the first manned lunar mission, Apollo 11, the first retroreflector array was placed on the moon, enabling highly accurate measurements of the Earthmoon separation by means of laser ranging. Lunar laser ranging (LLR) turns the Earthmoon system into a laboratory for a broad range of investigations, including astronomy, lunar science, gravitational physics, geodesy, and geodynamics. Contributions from LLR include the three-orders-of-magnitude improvement in accuracy in the lunar ephemeris, a several-orders-of-magnitude improvement in the measurement of the variations in the moon's rotation, and the verification of the principle of equivalence for massive bodies with unprecedented accuracy. Lunar laser ranging analysis has provided measurements of the Earth's precession, the moon's tidal acceleration, and lunar rotational dissipation. These scientific results, current technological developments, and prospects for the future are discussed here.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickey, J O -- Bender, P L -- Faller, J E -- Newhall, X X -- Ricklefs, R L -- Ries, J G -- Shelus, P J -- Veillet, C -- Whipple, A L -- Wiant, J R -- Williams, J G -- Yoder, C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 22;265(5171):482-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17781305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-3203
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5142
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwally, H J -- Brenner, A C -- Major, J A -- Bindschadler, R A -- Marsh, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):288-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1991-01-18
    Description: Studies of food remains from the Preceramic monumental site of E1 Paraiso, Peru (1800 to 1500 B.C.), have shed new light on a debate regarding the relative importance of seafood versus terrestrial resources and the role of cultigens in subsistence economies during the early development of Peruvian civilization. Fish was the primary animal food at the site whereas plant foods consisted of a mixture of cultivated resources (squashes, beans, peppers, and jicama) with an additional reliance on fruits (guava, lucuma, and pacae). Wild plants, especially the roots of sedges and cat-tail, also may have accounted for a substantial part of the diet. Cotton was a chief crop, used in making fishing tackle and the textiles that served as clothing and items of high value and status. As an example of the beginnings of civilization, El Paraiso is a case in which impressive architecture was built on a relatively simple subsistence economy and energy was expended in the production of resources useful in local and regional exchange systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quilter, J -- E, B O -- Pearsall, D M -- Sandweiss, D H -- Jones, J G -- Wing, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 18;251(4991):277-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17733284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: How strong is the case linking global release of chlorofluorocarbons to episodic disappearance of ozone from the Antarctic stratosphere each austral spring? Three lines of evidence defining a link are (i) observed containment in the vortex of ClO concentrations two orders of magnitude greater than normal levels; (ii) in situ observations obtained during ten high-altitude aircraft flights into the vortex as the ozone hole was forming that show a decrease in ozone concentrations as ClO concentrations increased; and (iii) a comparison between observed ozone loss rates and those predicted with the use of absolute concentrations of ClO and BrO, the rate-limiting radicals in an array of proposed catalytic cycles. Recent advances in our understanding of the kinetics, photochemistry, and structural details of key intermediates in these catalytic cycles as well as an improved absolute calibration for ClO and BrO concentrations at the temperatures and pressures encountered in the lower antarctic stratosphere have been essential for defining the link.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, J G -- Toohey, D W -- Brune, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):39-46.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: The traditional view that Old World fruit bats (Megachiroptera) and insect bats (Microchiroptera) are closely related has been challenged by claims that Megachiroptera are the sister group to flying lemurs (Dermoptera) or Primates. We found that the specialized muscles of the rostral part of the wing in Microchiroptera and Megachiroptera receive double innervation by both the facial nerve and cervical spinal nerves, suggesting that bats are monophyletic. Innervation by the facial nerve also occurs in Dermoptera and suggests that bats and Dermoptera share a common ancestor that had wings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thewissen, J G -- Babcock, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):934-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2000493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Muscles/*innervation ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; Spinal Nerves/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wings, Animal/innervation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gall, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1499-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1828621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleolus/physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; RNA Precursors/*genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics/*physiology ; Ribonucleoproteins/*physiology ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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