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  • Chemistry  (6)
  • High-resolution electron microscopy
  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1890-1899
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suggestions for the operation of radial flow cells in cell adhesion and biofouling studies (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 434-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the radial flow cell is presented to show that the assumption of creeping laminar flow should be used cautiously. Simple models which account for the influence of fluid inertial forces over most of the width of the plate are reviewed. A modified Reynolds number is introduced which may be used to test the validity of the creeping flow solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270407
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food sterilization by electrical heating: Sensitivity to process parameters (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 888-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of efficient continuous sterilization equipment for flowing solid-liquid food mixtures requires that temperature and velocity distributions within the fluid are known. In electrical (ohmic) heating, electric current is passed through a two-sterilize it. This allows rapid sterilization of solid-liquid mixtures which minimizes quality loss. A computational process model simulates the effect of realistic physical property changes. The effect of variations in physical properties can have a significant effect on the temperature of the product and thus on its sterility. Realistic designs will have to cope with temperature differences between phases. Experimental data for velocities in a food flow have been incorporated into an enthalpy balance model for heat transfer in solid-liquid mixtures. The effect of inlet temperature on the length of hold tube required to give the necessary process sterility calculated shows the variation in output conditions that might results in real systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400515
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial reactions between Al and RuO2, MoOx and WNx diffusion barriers on Si (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Interfacial reactions between Al and RuO2, MoOx and WNx diffusion barriers on Si (100) wafers have been studied. The diffusion barrier structures were analyzed before and after various heat treatments using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Al was found to reduce the oxides of both Ru and Mo. A 100 Å thick Al2O3 layer developed between the Al and the RuO2 films during annealing at 500°C for 30 minutes. The formation of interfacial Al2O3 efficiently prevents Al penetration but may cause a too high contact resistance for applications in contact structures of microelectronic devices. The WNx barrier was stable after annealing at 600°C for 30 minutes, if the film was exposed to air prior to Al deposition. If, instead, the Al was deposited in situ, the structure failed after annealing at 500°C due to a reaction between Al and W giving WAl12. A thin Al2O3 layer was detected between the Al and the WNx films of the air exposed sample. This layer had the effect of retarding the Al-W reaction and thereby raised the failure temperature of the barrier by at least 100°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740140104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of tyrosinase gene mutations using direct automated infrared fluorescence DNA sequencing of amplified exons (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 15 (1994), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ability to correctly diagnose the molecular cause of genetic diseases is becoming increasingly important in medicine. This requires an efficient method for the analysis of the DNA sequence of specific genes and the detection of mutations in affected individuals. We report a method to determine the mutations responsible for tyrosinase related albinism (OCA1) using a combination of polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and direct DNA cycle sequencing using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides and an automated DNA sequencer based on infrared fluorescence technology. This method allows DNA from several individuals to be sequenced quickly and simultaneously so that the specific location of each mutation and the carrier status of family members can be determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150150127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution imaging of organic crystals (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 310-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High-resolution electron microscopy ; Radiation damage ; Phthalocyanines ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The history of high-resolution imaging of organic crystals is summarized, followed by a discussion of radiation damage which reflects current thinking. Methods of specimen preparation and the experimental techniques for high-resolution imaging are described. The results show the application of these techniques to aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalocyanines, and linear-chain aliphatic molecules. Artefacts and image interpretation are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060110410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of Wax-Coated RDX by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 10 (1985), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to examine the nature and quality of wax-coated RDX crystals. SEM allows a visual assessment of wax-coated crystals and comparison of different coating processes. XPS has allowed a semiquantitative determination of the degree of wax coverage by measurement of the carbon to nitrogen photoelectron emissions and calculation of the percentage of wax coverage using a simple mathematical treatment.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19850100302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodynamics and kinetics of the proton-transfer reactions between bromophenol blue and some aromatic amines in aprotic solution (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 25 (1993), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibria and the stopped-flow kinetics of the reaction between the acid bromophenol blue (BPB) and several aromatic amines in toluene to form ion pairs have been investigated. Contrary to expectations, the rate of the proton-transfer increases with increasing activation enthalpy. This is explained in terms of the entropy of the transition state.The role of the electronic structure of the amine and of the solvent are discussed. Solvent effects were further investigated by comparing the activation parameters for the reaction between BPB and pyridine in chlorobenzene, toluene, and benzene. The solvent clearly plays a vital role in determining the rate of proton-transfer via the entropy of activation. The mechanism of the reaction (that proton-transfer is almost complete in the transition state, and is followed by amine migration and ring opening) is confirmed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550250305
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