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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to produce a product with a high content of maltotetraose, dual-enzyme systems composed of immobilized maltotetraose-forming amylase (G4-forming amylase) and pullulanase were studied. The thermostability of individually immobilized enzymes was examined in continuous operation; studies revealed that the enzyme immobilized on “Chitopearl” was much more stable than that immobilized on Diaion HP-50. The effects of operating conditions on the stability of G4 forming amylase immobilized on “Chitopearl” were examined to confirm that the apparent half-life data could be arranged using the immobilized enzyme stability factor, fs. As for the dual immobilized enzyme system, six methods of usage were considered, with five yielding a 7-10% (w/w) higher content of maltotetraose product than the single-enzyme system. The effects of operating conditions on the maltotetraose production reaction were examined to confirm that the maltotetraose content of the products could be analyzed using the specific space velocity,SSV. In dual immobilized enzyme systems, pullulanase immobilized on the same carrier as the G4-forming amylase was found to be more stable than pullulanase immobilized on separate carriers. The effectiveness of using immobilized pullulanase along with the G4-forming amylase was confirmed from constant-conversion operations in which the maltotetraose content in the product was kept at 50% (w/w) in laboratory-scale experimentation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 669-676 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous production process of maltotetraose was investigated by using immobilized maltotetraose (G4)- forming amylase (1,4-α-D-glucan maltotetraohydrolase, EC3.2.1.60) from Pseudomonas stutzeri adsorbed on a macroporous hydrophobic resin. The maximum reaction rate was obtained at 55°C and the activation energy of hydrolysis by immobilized G4-forming amylase was calculated to be 8.45 kcal/mol. The maltotetraose yield was greatly influenced by the flow rate of substrate solution, its concentration, and the immobilized enzyme activity. The newly defined factor “specific space velocity” was successfully introduced to normalize the operating parameters. Using this factor, the immobilized enzyme reactor then can be simulated and the operating dynamics can be determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 845-855 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability of immobilized maltotetraose (G4)-forming amylase (1,4-α-D-glucan maltoteraohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.60) from Pseudomonas stutzeri was investigated in both batch and continous processes. The inactivation process of the immobilized enzyme seemed to obey first-order kinetics, and the immobilized enzyme became more stable when coexisting with 20-30 wt % substrate and calcium ions. From intensive studies on the operational stability in the continuous process, the apparent half-life of G4 productivity in a constant-flow system was mainly affected by the reaction temperature, substrate concentration, and initial immobilized enzyme activity. A new factor, immobilized enzyme stability factor fs, was proposed to evaluate the half-life of the immobilized enzyme system.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 1120-1124 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A gene for ethionine resistance isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DKD-5D-H conferred on the yeast cells resistance to seleno-L-methionine and capability to produce S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the cells. An enzymatic study of the L-methionine synthetic pathway of L-methionine proto- and auxotrophs and in dried yeast cells with or without the gene suggested that the cloned gene for ethionine resistance is responsible for the activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase. To produce S-adenosyl-L-methionine by yeast cells transformed with the ethionine resistance gene, some culturing conditions were determined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1707-1712 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chondroitinase ABC catalyzing the depolymerization of chondroitin sulfate was induced by incubating the Proteus vulgaris cells in a medium containing chondroitin C sulfate as an inducer. Incubation of P. vulgaris cells for 12 h in the presence of 0.3% inducer was optimal to obtain the cells with highly active chondroitinase ABC. Such cells were immobilized in k-carrageenan gel lattice, and some properties of chondroitinase ABC in immobilized cells were studied in comparison with those of the enzyme without immobilization (free enzyme). The stabilities of the enzyme toward heat and storage were remarkably improved by immobilizing the cells in k-carrageenan gel lattice. Optimal pH and temperature for activity of the enzyme were slightly shifted to the alkaline region and higher temperature by immobilization and were 9.0 and 35°C, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 339-350 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: tPA production rate ; tPA specific activity ; CHO cells ; hypoxia ; anoxia ; reoxygenation ; perfusion culture ; tissue-type plasminogen activator ; cell metabolism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Animal cell bioreactors are often limited by the oxygen supply. The reduction in oxygen consumption per cell that occurs under hypoxic conditions may be exploited as a method for increasing reactor capacity if additional glucose is provided to offset increased glycolytic activity. The effects of oxygen deprivation on recombinant tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) production were investigated using midexponential and slowly growing CHO cells. The specific oxygen consumption rate can be reduced by at least 50% (mild hypoxic conditions) without affecting the cell growth rate, maximum cell concentration, tPA production rate, or tPA quality (as characterized by the tPA-specific activity and SDS-PAGE analysis). This suggests that mild-hypoxic conditions (with sufficient glucose) can be used to double the cell concentration and volumetric tPA production rate (at a constant volumetric oxygen supply rate) without sacrificing product quality. However, anoxic conditions should be avoided. When slowly growing cultures were exposed to anoxia, the tPA production rate decreased by 80% without affecting tPA quality. However, when midexponential cultures were exposed to anoxia, the drop in tPA production was accompanied by a decrease in tPA quality that ranged from a 40% decrease in tPA specific activity to extensive tPA degradation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 8 (1990), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; L1210 ; growth ; iododeoxyuridine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of adrenalectomy on growth of L1210 leukemic cells in ascites of BDF1 mice. Varying doses of 1·5 × 104, 5·0 × 105, and 1·5 × 106 viable tumour cells were inoculated intraperitoneally into groups of either adrenalectomized or sham-operated mice. At days 4 to 7 after the inoculation, adrenalectomized mice inoculated with 1·5 × 104 or 5·0 × 105 tumour cells had a smaller number of tumour cells in ascites than sham-operated controls. However, after inoculation of 1·5 × 106 cells, no significant differences were found at days 2 to 4 between adrenalectomized and sham-operated mice. The growth retardation by adrenalectomy was not observed in adrenalectomized mice supplemented with 4 or 6 μg dexamethasone per day per mouse. It suggested that the ablation of glucocorticoids was at least partially responsible for the growth retardation observed in adrenalectomized mice. Cell kinetic analysis revealed that the difference in a potential doubling time could not explain these results. Tumour retention in the peritoneal cavity was measured using [125I]-iododeoxyuridine-labelled tumour cells as a tracer. At days 4 to 6 after inoculation of 5·0 × 105 labelled cells, radioactivity in the peritoneal cavity in adrenalectomized mice was about 70 per cent of that in sham-operated mice. This ratio was almost equivalent to the ratio of the number of cells in ascites of adrenalectomized mice to that of sham-operated ones. Consequently, growth retardation observed in adrenalectomized mice resulted from an increase in tumour cell migration and/or in tumour cell death, but not from an increase in doubling time.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lymphoid cells isolated from the spleen of BALB/c nu/nu nude mice were treated with synthetic human thymopoietin, and newly synthesized proteins were labeled by [35S]methionine incorporation. In the control experiment, the same lot of spleen cells were incubated in the labeling medium without the addition of thymopoietin. Urea/detergent-soluble proteins were extracted from the cells after 3 h incubation to be separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Spots of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins were visualized by autoradiography and analyzed by image processing. The computer-aided spot matching screened out three major thymopoietin-responsive proteins, TRP-1, -2 and -3. [35S]Methionine incorporation into TRP-3, of which the isoelectric point and molecular mass were approximately pI5 and 10 kDa, respectively, was decreased by the thymopoietin treatment. In contrast with the down regulation, TRP-1, which was slightly higher in pI and slightly larger in molecular mass, and TRP-2, which was slightly higher in pI and almost the same in molecular mass as TRP-3, were evidently induced by the treatment. However, TRPs could not be assigned to Thy-1 antigen on the difference in molecular mass. The specific induction by the thymopoietin treatment suggested that TRP-1 and -2 might be novel proteins related to the intracellular signal transduction.
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