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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (61)
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1985-1989  (24)
  • 1930-1934
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Albumin adsorption on alkyl chain derivatized polyurethanes: I. The effect of C-18 alkylation (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 359-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The initial adsorption rate of delipidized Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is increased by addition of C-18 alkyl chains to a poly-urethane. The presence of alkyl chains does not appear to influence the total amount of HSA adsorbed after one hour exposure to a 5.0 mg/mL HSA solution. Neither does the desorption following one hour of adsorption appear to be influenced by the presence of alkyl chains. A study of the effects of solution concentration and temperature showed that the initial adsorption rates on both polymers are proportional to the protein concentration raised to the 0.36 power, and that alkylation of the polymer increases the activation energy of the initial adsorption rate above the 14 kJ/mol observed for the underivatized polyurethane. A new technique is presented to quantify the mass of adsorbed protein using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection optics. This technique uses the absorbance of bulk protein as an internal calibration reference, and appears to be as accurate and perhaps more precise than radiolabeling techniques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820220502
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of surface-adsorbed (lipo)proteins by means of a two-step enzyme-immunoassay: A study on the Vroman effect (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 1021-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In view of reports on the involvement of high-molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the Vroman effect, we studied the adsorption of fibrinogen, HMW kininogen, HDL and several other proteins from pooled human plasma and congenitally HMW kininogen-deficient plasma onto glass and low-density polyethylene, both as a function of the plasma concentration and the contact time. Mixtures of purified (lipo)proteins were also included in the study. Protein adsorption was determined by means of a two-step enzyme-immunoassay. Our results support the hypothesis that HMW kininogen is involved in the displacement of fibrinogen, which is almost instantly adsorbed from normal plasma onto glass. On hydrophobic polymers like polyethylene, the low amounts of adsorbed fibrinogen and HMW kininogen from plasma and concentrated plasma solutions may be due to a preferential adsorption of HDL.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240805
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric membrane filters for the removal of leukocytes from blood (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1459-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: As part of a study on the mechanisms of leukocyte filtration, the influence of pore size distribution on filter efficiency was investigated. Conventional leukocyte filters are not suitable for model studies, as these filters are composed of tightly packed synthetic fibers, with a poorly defined porous structure. Therefore, open cellular polyurethane membranes with pore size distributions varying from approximately 15 to 65 μm were prepared. Filtration experiments with stacked packages of these membranes showed that leukocytes are best removed (〉99%) by filters with a pore size distribution of 11-19 μm. These pore sizes approach the size of leukocytes (6-12 μm). However, due to fast clogging, blood flow through these filters is rapidly reduced, which results in a low filter capacity. With an asymmetric membrane filter, in which the pore size decreases from about 65 to 15 μm in the direction of blood flow, both moderate removal of leukocytes (〉80%) and maintenance of flow (∼0.2 mL/s) are obtained. This results in efficient leukocyte removal. From cell analysis of both filtrate and filter, it is concluded that adhesion rather than sieving is the major filtration mechanism. Thus, further optimization of the filter may be achieved by surface modification.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820251205
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of protein adsorption on interactions of cultured human endothelial cells with polymers (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 701-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A systematic study of the effects of polymer surface properties on the interaction with human endothelial cells (HEC) may lead to the development of small-diameter vascular grafts. HEC, suspended in culture medium containing 20% serum adhered and spread onto moderately wettable polymers such as TCPS (tissue culture polystyrene). Reduced or no adhesion of HEC was observed upon the hydrophobic polymers PETP (polyethyleneterephthalate, Dacron) and FEP (fluoroethylenepropylene copolymer, Teflon). Polymers precoated with the proteins albumin (Alb), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) inhibited the adhesion of HEC, whereas fibronectin (Fn) coátings promoted cell adhesion. Endothelialization of PETP and FEP only occurred after precoating of these materials with Fn. The adsorption of Fn, Alb, HDL, and IgG from solutions of different serum concentrations onto TCPS, PETP, and FEP was related to the adhesion of HEC. Serum Fn only adsorbed onto TCPS, with the maximum at 0.1% serum concentration. Maximal cell adhesion onto TCPS was also observed after pretreatment with a solution containing 0.1% serum. The cell adhesion inhibiting proteins Alb and HDL preferentially adsorbed at higher serum concentrations. Desorption of these proteins and exchange for, e. g., cellular Fn may result in cell spreading and proliferation of HEC upon TCPS.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820210603
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathodic protection: Theory and practice. Hrsg. V. Ashworth und C. J. L. Booker. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England, 1986. 375 S., 160 Abb., 17 × 24 cm, ISBN 0-85312-512-0. Preis £ 42.50 (1986)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 37 (1986), S. 612-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19860371108
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase morphology of blends of polycarbonate with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate), and of polycarbonate with poly(methyl methacrylate) by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: miscibility of polycarbonate blends ; domain size of acrylic and polycarbonate blends ; imaging analysis ; intramolecular interactions in copolymer ; 1H T1p (proton NMR relaxation time) ; Differential Scanning Calorimetry ; Transmission Electron Microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PMCHM) and with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (1H T1p), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A blend of PC/PMCHM (50/50 wt/wt) with the acrylic component PMCHM, a copolymer of PMMA and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (80/20 wt/wt), shows only one T1p value, which indicates high miscibility in this blend. A blend of PC/PMMA (50/50 wt/wt) shows two 1H T1p values, which are similar to those of the homopolymers PC and PMMA. These results indicate high immiscibility. The “domain size” calculated from NMR results of the miscible blend PC/PMCHM is approximately 40 Å. The results of DSC and TEM are similar to the NMR results. However, TEM results show the presence of 3% PC domains in the PC/PMCHM blend, which are not seen by NMR or DSC. Those PC domains are approximately 500 Å. A strong intramolecular repulsion in the copolymer PMCHM and specific intermolecular interactions between PC and PMMA may explain the miscibility in the PC/PMCHM system. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320117
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and molecular-mass-dependent nonexponential proton NMR relaxation in polymer melts (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 931-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation in polymer melts ; relaxation of proton NMR processes in melts (theory) ; chain motions and NMR relaxation in melts ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment of the nonexponential relaxation behavior of the different proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation processes in polymer melts is presented. Formulas are derived for a three-component model given by two versions and a homogeneous distribution of correlation times. The theoretical results were tested with measurements of T1, T2e, and T2 as functions of frequency and molecular mass in linear fractionated polyethylene samples. While the T1 relaxation always yields exponential magnetization decays, the T2e and T2 measurements show biexponential relaxation behavior. From the calculations it was found that the correlation time of the local motion is independent of the molecular mass, whereas the correlation time of the slowest motional process increases with M2.8w for the three-component model and with M2.2w for the distribution of correlation times, respectively. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300901
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reactions and temperature-dependent interface formation of Ti/InP (110)Paper presented at the Quantitative Surface Analysis (QSA-5) Conference, London, 15-18 November 1988. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reaction of a clean InP(110) surface with thin layers of titanium, deposited at room temperature and 140 K, was studied by core- and valence-level photoemission. We were able to identify reacted interface species by means of curve-resolving of high-resolution core-level spectra. It was found that titanium reacts strongly with InP(110), leading to a reacted layer of ∼9-12 Å thickness, which consists of a TiP compound. In this process, indium is liberated from the substrate and forms metallic islands in the surface region. Further deposition leads to the formation of a metallic Ti film, into which the indium is alloyed. On the basis of annealing experiments, we were able to identify the reacted zone as a diffusion barrier for further interface reaction. The reacted zone was found to broaden at elevated temperature. Our data are discussed with respect to studies of other transition metals with InP(110) and III-V semiconductor surfaces.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740140608
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the oxidation of γ′-Fe4N1-x layers; redistribution of nitrogen (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 633-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Iron nitride (γ-Fe4N1-x) layers produced by gaseous nitriding of pure iron in an NH3/H2 mixture at 843 K were gaseously oxidized at 673 K in pure O2. During oxidation an ε-Fe2N1-y layer developed between a magnetite (Fe3O4) scale and the parent γ′-nitride layer. Porosity was observed in the oxide-adjacent part of the ε-grains. Scanning Auger microscopical analysis and electron probe microanalysis showed (1) that the occurrence of the ε-nitride layer is associated with a locally higher nitrogen content, (2) that no nitrogen is incorporated in the oxide layer and no oxygen is dissolved in the nitride layer and (3) that a nitrogen concentration-depth gradient occurs which corresponds to a change of about 1 at.% N over the thickness of the ε-layer. From a thermodynamical point of view, formation of N2 gas during the oxidation of γ′-nitride is more likely to occur than formation of ε-nitride; the latter reaction appears to be kinetically favoured. Quantitative analysis of the nitrogen redistribution suggests that some of the nitrogen atoms released by conversion of γ′-nitride into magnetite are transformed into N2 which is present in the pores near the oxide/nitride interface.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901118
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR-Untersuchungen an Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen. 5. Zur Charakterisierung von Reaktionsprodukten aus p-Cumylphenol und Formaldehyd (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 568-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: By means of empirical substituent parameters, the 13C-NMR spectra of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-cumylphenol and 2,6-bis(2-hydroxy-5-cumylbenzyl)-4-cumylphenol (3) were calculated and interpreted. Using 13C-NMR-spectroscopy it was shown that in the Schottem-Baumann reaction of 3 with 2-diazo-1-oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-5-sulphonic acid chloride the outer hydroxyl groups of 3 are preferred in comparison to the inner ones.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe empirischer Substituentenparameter wurden die 13C-NMR-Spektren des 2,6-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-cumylphenols und des 2,6-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-cumylbenzyl)-4-cumylphenols (3) berechnet und interpretiert. Durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wurde gezeigt, daß bei der Schotten-Baumann-Reaktion von 3 und 2-Diazo-1-oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-5-sulfochlorid die außenständigen Hydroxylgruppen von 3 bevorzugt reagieren.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1989.010400904
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