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  • SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (38)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • Populus deltoides  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (27)
  • 1985-1989  (21)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf disc size and insect feeding preference: implications for assays and studies on induction of plant defense (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding behavior ; leaf center or edge feeders ; chemical signals ; trial design ; Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plagiodera versicolora Laich (Coléo., Chrysomelidae) a préféré significativement consommer les grandes rondelles (diamètre 17 mm) de Populus deltoides préalablement exposées à l'ozone ambiant, aux témoins exposés à de l'air filtré sur charbon de bois. Cependant, quand le diamètre a été réduit à 10 mm, les insectes n'ont plus préféré les feuilles soumises à l'ozone. Les préférences alimentaires de cet insecte consommant le centre des feuilles ont probablement changé parceque les signaux chimiques de la coupure ont surpassé ou masqué ceux des petits disques. Ainsi, le rapport périmètre sur surface du disque est un critère important de la procédure expérimentale. L'influence de la taille du disque dépend vraisemblablement du fait que l'insecte consomme le centre ou la pourtour de la feuille, de la taille de l'insecte et du type d'expérience. Nous en avons déduit que l'effet de la taille du disque est fréquent particulièrement chez les insectes consommant le centre des feuilles. Les modificatons du choix des insectes lorsque les plantes avaient été présentées sous forme de rondelles au lieu de feuilles ou plantes entières, peuvent être expliqués aussi par le changement des signaux provoqué par le découpage des rondelles, plutôt que par l'induction de modifications chimiques dues à la cueillette, comme cela a été précédemment indiqué par différents auteurs. Par ailleurs, dans les conditions naturelles, des changements dans les signaux chimiques des feuilles dus à une consommation antérieure par des insectes, peuvent être aussi importants dans le comportement alimentaire des insectes que n'importe quel changement chimique induit dans les feuilles par les dégâts.
    Notes: Abstract The size of cottonwood (Populus deltoides L. Bartr.) leaf discs used in insect feeding preference trials with the chrysomelid beetle, Plagiodera versicoloraLaich., was shown to affect behavior, and the outcome of the feeding trial. It is suggested that disc size has an effect because it alters the ratio of chemical signals from the cut leaf edge to those of the intact leaf center. The implications of this finding to the design of bioassays; to previously noted differences in feeding behavior for insects on discs versus leaves; and to the study of feeding preference and induction of plant defense are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of systemically induced herbivore resistance by plant vascular architecture (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 93 (1993), S. 452-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Defense ; Populus deltoides ; Orthostichy ; Phyllotaxy ; Plagiodera versicolora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of systemically induced resistance (SIR) in Eastern Cottonwood, Populus deltoides, measured by reduced feeding of the leaf-chewing beetle, Plagiodera versicolora, were shown to be directly related to the distribution of the plant vasculature. Mechanical damage to single leaves resulted in SIR in non-adjacent, orthostichous leaves (vertically aligned on the stem) with direct vascular connections, both up and down the shoot; but no SIR in adjacent, non-orthostichous leaves with less direct vascular connections. The control that the plant vasculature exerts over signal distribution following wounding can therefore be used to predict SIR patterns, explain variation in the distribution of SIR, and relate this ecologically important phenomenon to biochemical processes of systemic gene expression and biochemical resistance mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317892
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant stress and insect performance: cottonwood, ozone and a leaf beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plagiodera versicolora ; Plant stress ; Populus deltoides ; Ozone effects ; Insect fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaf area consumption rates, development rates, survivorship, and fecundity of the imported willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora Laich) were examined on two clones of eastern cottonwood which were previously exposed to ozone or charcoal-filtered air. P. versicolora consumed more ozone treated foliage, but were more fecund when reared on charcoal-filtered air treated plants. Beetle development rates and survivorship were not significantly different on treated and control cottonwoods. We concluded that: 1) Ozone fumigation of cottonwood reduced foliage quality, and the reproductive success and overall performance of P. versicolora. 2) increased foliage consumption by beetles was probably a mechanism compensating for decreases in foliage quality. 3) Reductions in beetle fecundity were due to an initial reduction in oviposition rates. 4) Beetle feeding preference did not correlate with the suitability of foliage for beetle performance. These results are discussed in relation to the impact of air pollution on plant-insect interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379600
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant stress and insect behavior: cottonwood, ozone and the feeding and oviposition preference of a beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides ; Clones ; Damage distribution ; Community structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adults and larvae of the beetle Plagiodera versicolora preferred to feed on and consumed more of cottonwood, Populus deltoides, plant material that had been previously exposed to an acute dose of ozone (0.20 ppm, 5 h), compared to controls in choice experiments. However, females preferred to oviposit on the unexposed controls. Results were consistent for 2 cottonwood clones over 3 years in disc, leaf and whole-plant choice tests. The differential feeding and oviposition response of this insect to stressed plants could have at least 3 unexpected consequences: 1. An immediate increase in damage to stressed trees, but a subsequent decrease in damage. 2. A subsequent increase in damage to unstressed adjacent trees. 3. Changes in the insect and pathogen communities of both stressed and unstressed trees. These complex scenarios show that predicting outcomes of plant stress on plant-insect interactions will require comprchensive examination of behavioral, growth and reproductive responses of insects to stressed plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the interfacial tension between polyethersulfone and a thermotropic liquid-crystalline copolyester (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: interfacial tension ; thermotropic ; copolyester ; polyether sulphone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Due to the increasing interest in forming blends of liquid-crystalline polymers with conventional thermoplastics, it becomes important to determine the interfacial tension between two such polymers. A method for evaluating the interfacial tension between a thermotropic copolyester based on hydroxybenzoic and hydroxynaphthoic acid residues, and polyethersulfone is presented, based on the Fort and Patterson method. It is found that the value of the interfacial tension in the melt is much higher than is the case between conventional polymer pairs. It is suggested that this high value reflects an entropic effect due to the strong exclusion of the flexible coil polymer from the nematic melt. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nylon 6,6 copolyamides of bis(2-carboxyethyl) methylphosphine oxide (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolyamides of nylon 6,6 with bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) were prepared by melt polycondensation of nylon 6,6 salt with CEMPO and hexamethylene diamine. The effect of CEMPO upon melting point, moisture regain, boiling water shrinkage, water wicking, tensile properties, thermal stability, static dissipation, and flammability of nylon 6,6 fibers and fabrics was determined. The fiber properties were greatly affected by the high water absorption and solubility characteristics of the phosphine oxide linkage. However, crystallinity and orientation were not greatly disturbed by up to 30-40M% CEMPO substitution in nylon 6,6. The copolyamides were of improved flame resistance compared to nylon 6,6 and were also found to give improved flame resistance in blends of the copolymer with various commercial plastics. In addition, CEMPO and the corresponding diamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)methylphosphine oxide were used to prepare a series of cycloaliphatic and aromatic ring-containing polyamides, but problems were encountered with moisture sensitivity and low melting points with some of these polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive porosity at the cement-femoral prosthesis interface: A preliminary study (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study is the first description of the extensive porosity which is preferentially located at the cement-prosthesis interface of cemented femoral components of total hip replacements. The observation is important because the interfacial porosity may decrease the strength of the cement-femoral prosthesis interface and jeopardize the mechanical integrity of the cement mantle. We examined the cement-metal interfaces from a multiplicity of in vivo and in vitro specimens using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. These samples included several stem designs, implants made from either Co-Cr or Ti alloy, implants made with a variety of surface finishes and both centrifuged and uncentrifuged cement. All in vivo and in vitro samples had marked porosity in the cement focally concentrated at the cement-metal interface. The amount of porosity at the interface greatly exceeded the amount of general porosity found throughout the bulk cement. Centrifuging did not affect the interfacial porosity, and neither did alloy nor surface finish. The presence of these pores may be expoained by the rheological characteristics of the cement. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of 316LVM and MP35N alloys as charge injection electrodes (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An In vitro comparison of the corrosion response of 316LVM stainless steel and MP35N (a CoNiCrMo alloy) electrodes under conditions appropriate to applications in functional electrical stimulation (FES) was made. Electrodes of both alloys were subjected to a cathodic 40 μC/cm2 charge injection protocol and the potential transient response was recorded over a 96 h period. The transient responses were compared with potentiodynamic polarization data used to establish the quasiequilibrium response of the alloys in the carbonate and phosphate-buffered saline electrolyte used in the study. The MP35N electrodes exhibited extensive pitting corrosion during charge injection, whereas little corrosion was observed on 316LVM electrodes. An explanation for the susceptibility of MP35N to corrosion during charge injection is found in the potentiodynamic polarization data, which reveal a breakdown potential (critical pitting potential) of 0.45 V (SCE) for MP35N compared with 1.05 V (SCE) for 316LVM. Factors that may influence corrosion response during charge injection from alloys exhibiting active-passive behavior are discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocompatibility of Delrin 150: A creep-resistant polymer for total joint prostheses (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 19 (1985), S. 519-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A thermoplastic polymer, Delrin 150 (polyoxymethylene homopolymer), with creep resistance ten times that of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, is used as a material for total joint protheses. A study was made of the local and systemic host response to this polymer when implanted in three different mammalian species. 316 LC stainless steel was used as a control. The materials were implanted into muscle and bone as solid cylinders. A total of 446 samples were implanted into 74 animals. The duration of implantation ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years. A semiquantitative evaluation of local tissue reaction was performed. For each implant, 16 histological criteria were graded for severity of host tissue reaction. The liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and lungs from each animal were also studied for evidence of systemic toxicity. The polymer implants exhibited a mild tissue reaction with the same characteristics as the control. Local tumor formation, bone osteolysis, and surrounding muscle necrosis were not seen. No pathological changes compatible with systemic toxicity by Delrin 150 were observed in the study of the organs. Delrin 150 in solid form did not exhibit local or systemic toxicity and is therefore biocompatible by this study. Powder implantation studies should be performed to simulate tissue response to wear particles.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820190505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of vacuum mixing on the mechanical properties of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate bone cement2 (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 573-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement, containing either no added antibiotic, 0.5 g of Vancomycin, 1.0 g of Vancomycin, or 1.0 g of Tobramycin, was mixed either in air or a vacuum chamber. Following storage in a water bath at 37°C for 48 h, the specimens were tested in four-point bending. The porosity of the specimens was assessed radiographically, and their antibacterial activity was monitored for 21 days. The bending strength of the vacuum mixed specimens containing no antibiotic was 40% greater than that of similar air-mixed specimens. However, there were no significant differences in the bending strength of either the air-or vacuum-mixed specimens when any of the antibiotic dosages were added. The bending modulus of the vacuum-mixed specimens, containing no antibiotic, was significantly greater than the moduli of all the other specimen groups which did not differ from each other. Vacuum mixing reduced the apparent porosity of the specimens fivefold, and while the addition of antibiotic did not effect porosity of the air-mixed specimens, that of the vacuum-mixed specimens was doubled. Although initial rapid decreases were seen, leaching of antibiotic from the cement and antibacterial activity continued through the 21-day monitoring period.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240504
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