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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (36)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (30)
  • Organic Chemistry  (24)
  • 1990-1994  (45)
  • 1985-1989  (41)
  • 1945-1949  (4)
  • 1
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    MLS CLO observations and arctic polar vortex temperatures (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Analysis of Upper Altmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations in early January 1992 shows a clear relationship between predicted polar stratospheric cloud formation along the back trajectory and elevated ClO amounts. These findings are in good agreement with aircraft observations. The MLS observed variation of ClO amounts within the vortex also fits the pattern of ClO change as a result of air parcel solar exposure and nitric acid photolysis. Outside the polar vortex, the occasional highly elevated ClO appear statistically consistent with MLS measurement noise.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 24; p. 2861-2864
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  • 2
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    GPS-based geodesy in California, Mexico and the Caribbean (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The NASA GPS-based geophysical geodetics system will be capable of 1-3 cm relative position accuracies on regional baselines and GPS ephemerides with submeter accuracies. Simultaneity and mutual visibility allow high differential carrier phase and group delay measurements to be obtained without clock errors. Both mobile GPS terminal sites and fiducial sites whose locations are accurately maintained by independent VLBI and SLR systems are to be used. A system validation and multiyear measurement program is under way.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 3
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    Infrared measurements of atmospheric ethane (C2H6) from aircraft and ground-based solar absorption spectra in the 3000/cm region (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A number of prominent Q-branches of the nu-7 band of C2H6 have been identified near 3000/cm in aircraft and ground-based infrared solar absorption spectra. The aircraft spectra provide the column amount above 12 km at various altitudes. The column amount is strongly correlated with tropopause height and can be described by a constant mixing ratio of 0.46 ppbv in the upper troposphere and a mixing ratio scale height of 3.9 km above the tropopause. The ground-based spectra yield a column of 9.0 x 10 to the 15th molecules/sq cm above 2.1 km; combining these results implies a tropospheric mixing ratio of approximately 0.63 ppbv.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 12; 199-202
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  • 4
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    Investigation of the enhanced spatial density of submicron lunar ejecta between L values 1.2 and 3.0 in the earth's magnetosphere: Theory (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Initial results from the measurement conducted by the dust particle experiment on the lunar orbiting satellite Lunar Explorer 35 (LE 35) were reported with the data interpreted as indicating that the moon is a significant source of micrometeroids. Primary sporadic and stream meteoroids impacting the surface of the moon at hypervelocity was proposed as the source of micron and submicron particles that leave the lunar craters with velocities sufficient to escape the moon's gravitational sphere of influence. No enhanced flux of lunar ejecta with masses greater than a nanogram was detected by LE 35 or the Lunar Orbiters. Hypervelocity meteoroid simulation experiments concentrating on ejecta production combined with extensive analyses of the orbital dynamics of micron and submicron lunar ejecta in selenocentric, cislunar, and geocentric space have shown that a pulse of these lunar ejecta, with a time correlation relative to the position of the moon relative to the earth, intercepts the earth's magnetopause surface (EMPs). As shown, a strong reason exists for expecting a significant enhancement of submicron dust particles in the region of the magnetosphere between L values of 1.2 and 3.0. This is the basis for the proposal of a series of experiments to investigate the enhancement or even trapping of submicron lunar ejecta in this region. The subsequent interaction of this mass with the upper-lower atmosphere of the earth and possible geophysical effects can then be studied.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Experiments in Planetary and Related Sciences and the Space Station; 9 p
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  • 5
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    The initiation of grain movement by wind (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: When air blows across the surface of dry, loose sand, a critical shear velocity must be achieved to inititate motion. Since most natural sediments consist of a range of grain sizes, fluid threshold for any sediment cannot really be defined by a finite value but should be viewed as a threshold range which is a function of the mean size, sorting, and packing of the sediment. In order to investigate the initiation of particle movement by wind, a series of wind tunnel tests were carried out on a range of screened sands and commercially available glass beads of differing sizes, sorting, and shape characteristics. In addition, individual samples of the glass beads were mixed to produce rather poorly sorted bimodal distributions. Test results suggest that when velocity is slowly increased over the sediment surface the smaller or more exposed grains are first entrained by the fluid drag of the air either in surface creep or in saltation. As velocity continues to rise, the larger more protected grains may also be moved by fluid drag. The data also indicate that predicted values based on the modified Bagnold equation fall within the range of threshold values defined by the transition section of the grain movement/shear velocity plots. Moreover, the predicted values are very similar to the threshold values derived for the point maximum inflection on the curves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Space Station Planetology Experiments (SSPEX); 2 p
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  • 6
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    Mass loading of the Earth's magnetosphere by micron size lunar ejecta. 1: Ejecta production and orbital dynamics in cislunar space (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Particulate matter possessing lunar escape velocity sufficient to enhance the cislunar meteroid flux was investigated. While the interplanetary flux was extensively studied, lunar ejecta created by the impact of this material on the lunar surface is only now being studied. Two recently reported flux models are employed to calculate the total mass impacting the lunar surface due to sporadic meteor flux. There is ample evidence to support the contention that the sporadic interplanetary meteoroid flux enhances the meteroid flux of cislunar space through the creation of micron and submicron lunar ejecta with lunar escape velocity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Space Station Planetology Experiments (SSPEX); 3 p
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  • 7
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    Mass loading of the Earth's magnetosphere by micron size lunar ejecta. 2: Ejecta dynamics and enhanced lifetimes in the Earth's magnetosphere (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Extensive studies were conducted concerning the indivdual mass, temporal and positional distribution of micron and submicron lunar ejecta existing in the Earth-Moon gravitational sphere of influence. Initial results show a direct correlation between the position of the Moon, relative to the Earth, and the percentage of lunar ejecta leaving the Moon and intercepting the magnetosphere of the Earth at the magnetopause surface. It is seen that the Lorentz Force dominates all other forces, thus suggesting that submicron dust particles might possibly be magnetically trapped in the well known radiation zones.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Space Station Planetology Experiments (SSPEX); 3 p
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  • 8
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    High-resolution observations of gamma-ray line emission from SN 1987A (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of SN 1987A made with a balloon-borne gamma-ray spectrometer comprising an array of high-purity germanium detectors on October 29-31, 1987 are presented. High resolution data, typically 2.5 keV at 1.33 MeV, were obtained for two transists of the supernova with interspersed background data. A preliminary estimation of line flux is presented. It is found that there is evidence of dynamical broadening of the 847 keV line. It is suggested that this line may be an emission from the first excited state of Fe-56 due to the radioactive decay of Co-56 providing evidence for nucleosynthesis in the supernova.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 334; L91-L94
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  • 9
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    Mean winds of the upper middle atmosphere (60-110 km): A global distribution from radar systems (M.F., METEOR, VHF) (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Since the development of the last CIRA in 1972, the number of radars providing winds in the upper middle atmosphere has increased significantly. These systems fill the data gap between 60 km and 110 km. The radars include medium frequency (MF) radars or partial reflection systems giving data from 60/70 to 100/110 km; meteor radars, 80 to 110 km, and M.S.T. radars operating as meteor radars. Data from 12 locations are shown, which represent a good Northern Hemispheric (NH) North American chain, an Oceanian chain which is mainly in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and some Western Europe data. Generally tidal oscillations have been removed from days or groups of days, and the remaining mean winds and longer period oscillations plotted as height-time contours. Composite cross sections from the years 1978 to 1982 were formed where possible so that only the major temporal features remain.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 4 p
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  • 10
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    Thermoluminescence and Antarctic meteorites (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The level of natural thermoluminescence (TL) in meteorites is the result of competition between build-up, due to exposure to cosmic radiation, and thermal decay. Antarctic meteorites tend to have lower natural TL than non-Antarctic meteorites because of their generally larger terrestrial ages. However, since a few observed falls have low TL due to a recent heating event, such as passage within approximately 0.7 astronomical units of the Sun, this could also be the case for some Antarctic meteorites. Dose rate variations due to shielding, heating during atmospheric passage, and anomalous fading also cause natural TL variations, but the effects are either relatively small, occur infrequently, or can be experimentally circumvented. The TL sensitivity of meteorites reflects the abundance and nature of the feldspar. Thus intense shock, which destroys feldspar, causes the TL sensitivity to decrease by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, while metamorphism, which generates feldspar through the devitrification of glass, causes TL sensitivity to increase by a factor of approximately 10000. The TL-metamorphism relationship is particularly strong for the lowest levels of metamorphism. The order-disorder transformation in feldspar also affect the TL emission characteristics and thus TL provides a means of paleothermometry.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. International Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites; p 83-100
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