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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sizing of Submicron Aerosol Particles by the Whisker Particle Collector Method (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of an alumina powder aerosol were collected on whisker particle collectors and analysed following an improved evaluation scheme which allows the empirical size distribution to be corrected for the effect of a non-uniform collection efficiency. The measurement results are given in terms of log-normal distribution functions. Some ambiguity was encountered in interpreting particle aggregates that were found on the whisker collectors. By including the results of laser light-scattering experiments in the size analysis, this ambiguity was removed. Advantages and disadvantages of the whisker collector concept compared with light-scattering methods are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and biomechanical aspects of Al2O3 ceramic joint replacement. Experimental results and design considerations for human endoprostheses (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Four different acetabular replacement designs and 2 femoral head replacement designs made out of high density alumina ceramic have been tested in sheep with postoperative survival times of up to 11 months (Frialit 99: Al2O3 99.6%, MgO 0.4%).It can be concluded from these experiments that a cement free implantation technique with alumina requires a primary rigid fixation of the implant to bone, with the possibility for new bone growth along the ceramic and into grooves and macroscopic holes for further interdigitation. Three different solutions for the acetabular component can be recommended for human application.In addition, an all ceramic femoral prosthesis has been tested for bending strength in its neck region. Twenty prostheses have been fractured, all of which showed values for bending strength far higher than the physiological neck fracture level (900 kp/cm2). The present state of development of all ceramic prostheses is discussed. Up to now, the development of fibrous tissue between the bone and the ceramic implant has caused reservations with human implantation. The direct definite anchorage problem has to be resolved first.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivate des Borabenzols, VIII: Ein neuer Weg zu Alkalimetallborinaten. Synthesen von Ruthenium-, Osmium-, Rhodium- und Platin-Verbindungen mit Borinat-Liganden (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 2382-2388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Borabenzene Derivatives, VIII: A New Route to Alkalimetal Borinates. Syntheses of Ruthenium, Osmium, Rhodium, and Platinum Compounds with Borinate LigandsDegradation of bis(borinato)cobalt complexes Co(C5H5B — R)2(R = C6H5, CH3) with alkalimetal cyanides MCN (M = Na, K) yields alkalimetal borinates M[C5H5B — R]. These are versatile synthetic intermediates as demonstrated by the syntheses of Ru(C5H5B — R)2 (R = C6H5, CH3), Os(C5H5B — C6H5)2, Rh(1,5-C8H12)(C5H5B — R), and Pt(CH3)3(C5H5B — C6H5).
    Notes: Der Abbau von Bis(borinato)kobalt-Komplexen Co(C5H5B — R)2 (R = C6H5, CH3) mit Alkalimetallcyaniden MCN (M = Na, K) liefert Alkalimetallborinate M[C5H5B — R]. Diese sind vielseitige Synthesezwischenprodukte, wie mit der Darstellung von Ru (C5H5B — R)2 (R = C6H5,CH3), Os(C5H5B — C6H5)2, Rh(1,5-C8H12)(C5H5B — R) und Pt(CH3)3((C5H5B — C6H5) gezeigt wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761090704
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlungen nichtsteroider Strukturen. IX Mikrobiologische Hydroxylierung von Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3606-3614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, IX Microbiological Hydroxylation of Δ8TetrahydrocannabinolΔ8Tetrahydrocannabinol (5) is hydroxylated at the ring system and the side chain by fermentations with Pellicularia flilamentosa or Streptomyces lavendulae. P. filamentosa yields the compounds 7β,3′- (1) und 7β,4′-dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (3) as well as 8β,9α-dihydroxy-(2a) und 8β,9α,4′-trihydroxy-6a,10a-trans-hexahydrocannabinol (4a), whereas S. lavendulae leads to 7α-hydroxy- (6), 7α,2′- (7), 7α,3′- (8), 7α4′-Dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (9) und 4′-hydroxy-7-oxo-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10).
    Notes: Δ8Tetrahydrocannabinol (5) wird durch Fermentationen mit Pellicularia filamentosa oder Streptomyces lavendulae gleichzeitig am Ringsystem und in der Seitenkette hydroxyliert. P. filamentosa ergibt die Produkte 7β,3′- (1) und 7β,4′-Dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (3) sowie 8β,9α-Dihydroxy-(2a) und 8β,9α,4′-Trihydroxy-6A,10a-trans-hexahydrocannabinol (4a), während S. lavendulae zu 7α-Hydroxy-(6), 7α,2′- (7), 7α,3′- (8), 7α4′-Dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (9) und 4′-Hydroxy-7-oxo-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10) führt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761091114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das Auftreten von Dichlorketocarben bei der radikalisch induzierten Fragmentierung von Dichlorvinylencarbonat (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 1163-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Evidence of Dichloroketocarbene in the Radically Induced Fragmentation of Dichlorovinylene CarbonatContrary to the thermal fragmentation of dichlorovinylene carbonate (1) the attack of sulfur radicals on 1 yields dichloromaleic acid dichloride (3), carbon dioxide, carbon oxisulfide and small amounts of dichloromaleic acid thioanhydride (6). The contested structure of 3 is confirmed by 35Cl-NQR-measurements. - Based on product formation the fragmentation very likely proceeds via dichloroketocarbene as an intermediate.
    Notes: Anders als bei rein thermischer Spaltung 2) fragmentiert Dichlorvinylencarbonat (1) beim Angriff von Schwefelradikalen zu Dichlormaleinsäuredichlorid (3), Kohlendioxid, Kohlenoxisulfid und geringen Mengen Dichlormaleinsäurethioanhydrid (6). Die bisher umstrittene Konstitution von 3 wird durch 35Cl-NQR-Messungen sichergestellt. - Der aus der Produktanalyse sich abbildende Fragmentierungsmechanismus macht das intermediäre Auftreten des Dichlorketocarbens wahrscheinlich.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761090338
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodische Oxidation von konjugierten Dienen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1294-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic Oxidation of Conjugated Dienes1,3-Butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 2,4-hexadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene, and β-ionylideneethane are oxidatively dimerized or dimethoxylated in an undivided cell at graphite-, platinum-, or glassy carbon anodes in methanol/NaClO4 to form substituted dimethoxyoctadienes or dimethoxybutenes. The dimerization is favored by graphite-, carbon cloth-anodes, and dienes being unsubstituted at the terminal positions. The dienes are irreversibly oxidized at peak potentials between EP = +1.04 to +2.0V (vs. Ag/AgCl); the peak potentials correlate linearly with the ionization potentials. For 2,4-hexadiene the n-value is 1.9 to 2.1, the electrochemical reaction order v = 0.98. The dimers are probably formed via radical cations that add as electrophiles to the diene with the formation of a 1,4-radical cation which, after oxidation, undergoes solvolysis or deprotonation.
    Notes: 1,3-Butadienen, Isopren, 1,3-Cyclohexadien, 2,4-Hexadien, 1,3-Pentadien, 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien. 1-Acetoxy-1,3-butadien und β-Jonylidenethan werden in einer ungeteilten Zelle an Graphit-, Platin- und Glaskohlenstoffanoden in Methanol/NaClO4 zu substituierten Dimethoxyoctadienen oxidativ dimerisiert bzw. zu Dimethoxybutenen dimethoxyliert. Die Dimerisierung wird durch Graphit-, Kohletuchanoden und endständig unsubstituierte Diene begünstigt. Die Diene werden irreversibel bei Peakpotentialen zwischen EP = +1.04 bis 2.0 V (gegen Ag/AgCl) oxidiert; die EP-Werte korrelieren linear mit den Ionisierungspotentialen. Für 2,4-Hexadien beträgt der n-Wert: 1.9-2.1 und die elektrochemische Reaktionsordnung v = 0.98. Die Dimeren bilden sich vermutlich über Radikalkationen, die sich elektrophil an das Dien zu einem 1,4-Radikalkation addieren, das oxidiert und anschließend methanolysiert wird.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19781110409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlung von Steroiden, XV: Mikrobiologische Hydroxylierung von 3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnan-20-carbonsäure und deren Methylester mit Calonectria decora und Syncephalastrum racemosum (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 2143-2151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial Transformations of Steroids, XV: Microbial Hydroxylation of 3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnane-20-carboxylic Acid and of its Methyl Ester by Calonectria decora and Syncephalastrum racemosum3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnane-20-carboxylic Acid (1) is hydroxylated by fermentation with Calonectria decora in 12β- (3), 7β,11β- (4), and 1β,12β-position (5) with hydrolysis of the 3-acetoxy group. The methyl ester 2 is attacked in 7α,12β- (6), 7β, 11α- (7), and 12β,15α-position (8), Syncephalastrum racemosum forms from 1 the hydroxy products in positions 11β (9), 12β (3), 7β,11β (4), and 11β,15β (10) as well as the further transformation products 3α-hydroxy- (13), 3α,11β-dihydroxy- (14), 3α,12β-dihydroxy-5β,20α-pregnane-20,18-carbolactone (11), and 11,18-epoxy-3α-hydroxy-5β,20α-pregnane-20,18-carbolactone (16), 1 is transformed by Mycobacterium smegmatis into methyl 3-oxo-pregnane- (18) and 3-oxo-1,4-pregnadiene-20-carboxylate (20).
    Notes: 3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnan-20-carbonsäure (1) wird durch Fermentation mit Calonectria decora unter Verseifung der 3-Acetylgruppe in 12β- (3), 7β,11β- (4) und 1β,12β-Stellung (5) hydroxyliert. Der Methylester 2 wird analog in 7α,12β- (6), 7β,11α- (7) und 12β, 15α-Position (8) angegriffen. Syncephalastrum racemosum bildet aus 1 die Hydroxylierungsprodukte in den Positionen 11β (9), 12β (3), 7β,11β (4) und 11β,15β (10) sowie die weiteren Umwandlungsprodukte 3α-Hydroxy- (13), 3α,11β-Dihydroxy- (14), 3α,12β-Dihydroxy-5β,20α-pregnan-20,18-carbolacton (11) sowie 11,18-Expoxy-3α-hydroxy-5β,20α-pregnan-20,18-carbolacton (16). Durch Mycobacterium smegmatis wird 1 zu 3-Oxo-4-pregnen- (18) und 3-Oxo-1,4-pregnadien-20-carbonsäure-methylester (20) umgewandelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19781110611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,4,6-Triphenyl-5-pyrimidinol als Vorstufe eines stabilen Heteroaroxyl-Radikals (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2,4,6-Triphenyl-5-pyrimidinol as Precursor of a Stable Heteroaroxy RadicalThe stable radical 2,4,6-triphenyl-5-pyrimidinyloxyl (3) is prepared via the corresponding hydroxy and methoxy compound (6 and 5). Reaction of α-methoxydibenzoylmethane with ω-methoxyacetophenone yields the dihydropyrimidine 4 which can be transformed to 5 and 6 (elimination of dimethyl ether). Reaction with benzaldehyde, however, yields 2,4,6-tri-phenylpyrimidine (9) (elimination of methanol). Dibenzoylmethane analogously forms 7 and 9 with ω-methoxyacetophenone. A red by-product C31H22N2 is formulated as a non-aromatic pyrrolopyridine (10?).
    Notes: Das stabile Radikal 2,4,6-Triphenyl-5-pyrimidinyloxyl (3) ist über die entsprechende Hydroxy-und Methoxy-Verbindung (6 bzw. 5) zugänglich. Umsetzung von α-Methoxydibenzoyl-methan mit ω-Methoxyacetophenon führt zum Dihydropyrimidin 4, das unter Abspaltung von Dimethyläther in 5 bzw. 6 übergeht. Umsetzung mit Benzaldehyd ergibt hingegen 2,4,6-Triphenylpyrimidin (9) (Methanol-Abspaltung). Dibenzoylmethan reagiert mit ω-Methoxy-acetophenon analog zu 7 und 9 sowie einem roten Pyrrolopyridin C31H22N2 (10?) als Nebenprodukt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19751080203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beweis des monovalenten Charakters von Oxidationsreaktionen mit Kalium-nitrosodisulfonat durch ESR-Messungen, insbesondere an diffundierenden Lösungen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 2097-2106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Proff of the Monovalent Character of Oxidation Reactions with Potassium-nitrosodisulfonate by E.S.R. Measurements Especially do Diffusing SolutionsBy means of e. s. r. measurements the formation of phenoxyl radicals in the oxidation of phenols with potassium-nitrosodisulfonate can be proven (monovalent character of the oxidation). In homogeneous mixtures of the reactants in dioxane/water radicals to be present can be shown by e. s. r. only with such 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols which are substituted in position 4 by an ether group (methoxyl, ethoxyl, and tert-butoxyl; 1a - c), not, however, with an alkyl group or carbonyl function. In this case the phenoxyl concentration at the spot of measurement can be risen by allowing the reacting solutions to diffuse in each other.
    Notes: Durch den ESR-spektroskopischen Nachweis von Phenoxyl-Radikalen bei der Oxidation von Phenolen mit Kalium-nitrosodisulfonat wird bewiesen, daß die Oxidation monovalent verläuft. In homogenen Mischungen der Reaktanten in Dioxan/Wasser werden nur bei solchen 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenolen Radikale nachgewiesen, die in 4-Stellung eine Methoxy-, Äthoxy- oder tert-Butoxy-Gruppe (1a - c), nicht hingegen einen Alkylrest oder eine Carbonyl-Funktion tragen. Der Radikal-Nachweis gelingt in diesen Fällen (2 - 6) nur dann, wenn man die reagierenden Lösungen während der Messung ineinander diffundieren läßt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19751080627
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An 1H-NMR. Spectroscopic Study of Alloxazines and Isoalloxazines (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 348-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-NMR.-spectra of a series of alloxazines and isoalloxazines and certain cationic derivatives were investigated (Tab. 2 and 5). Unequivocal assignment of all resonance signals was achieved in some compounds by selective deuteriation also by double resonance technique. The coupling constants were verified by computer simulation. Considerable enhancement of the signals due to H-C(9) and H-C(6) is found on decoupling of H3C-C(7), H3C-C(8) and H3C-N(10), resp. These results are compared with those obtained with FAD. The methyl resonance signal of the H3C-C(7) compounds give doublets due to coupling with H-C(6). The difference in chemical shifts observed upon successive formal introduction of methyl groups into the benzene nucleus of (iso)alloxazines indicates that the molecule becomes less planar thereby. The pyrimidine ring of (iso)alloxazines does not contribute to the ring current except by indirect effects via the carbonyl groups. The experimental data are compared with published MO calculations and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600207
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