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  • Articles  (4,574)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,631)
  • Chemical Engineering  (772)
  • Physical Chemistry
  • 1990-1994  (2,039)
  • 1985-1989  (1,548)
  • 1975-1979  (987)
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  • Articles  (4,574)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1433-1441 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Telechelic prepolymers of butadiene with aliphatic isocyanate end-groups were prepared by the solution polymerization of butadiene under free radical initiation. 4,4′-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoyl azide) was used as the initiator. Liquid prepolymers were obtained with molecular weights of 1450 to 6000 and functionalities 1.9 to 2.2. The prepolymers were characterized by their number-average molecular weight, isocyanate content, functionality, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and microstructure. The storage stability of the prepolymers was checked and they were found to be quite stable under ambient conditions. Isocyanate-terminated polybutadienes were reacted with N,N-dimethylamino ethanol and t-butyl hydroperoxide to obtain useful dimethylamino-terminated and peroxycarbamate-terminated prepolymers, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 837-858 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An extensive study on the turbulent drag reduction caused by the various mixtures of polyacrylamide, purified guargum, xanthangum, and their graft copolymers has been conducted at low concentrations and Re = 14,000 using a turbulent flow rheometer. It has been found in most of the cases that the drag reduction caused by mixtures shows a positive deviation from the linearly additive straight line. This effect is more prominent when the drag reduction caused by both the constituents differ appreciably. In most of the cases, the drag reduction caused by the mixtures is higher than the DR caused by either of the constituent polymers; however, the drag reduction caused by the mixture is less than the sum of the drag reduction caused by both the constituents at their respective concentration in the mixture. It has also been noticed that there is no evidence of synergism in these mixtures at low concentrations.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 953-958 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1681-1691 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A facile synthesis of a series of oxyethylene containing diisocyanates, the α,ω-bis(isocyanatophenoxy)alkanes and bis[2-(isocyanatophenoxy)ethyl] ethers, is described. The key step involves the uneventful decomposition of the corresponding diacylazides to the diisocyanates in the Curtius rearrangement reaction. Further, eight thermally stable oxyethylene containing polyimides were synthesized by the polycondensation reaction of two meta- and two para-oriented diisocyanates, namely, 1,2-bis(3-isocyanatophenoxy)ethane and 1,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenoxy)ethane, and bis[2-(3-isocyanatophenoxy)ethyl] ether and bis[2-(4-isocyanatophenoxy)ethyl] ether, with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). These polyimides were characterized by IR spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, viscosity measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2625-2628 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crosslinked poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (carbonate-urethane) as well as full interpenetrating network on their base (IPN) were characterized by precise heat capacity measurements in the temperature interval 1.2-150 K. As judged by the positive sign of the excess Gibbs free energy in the whole temperature interval above 30 K, the apparently single-phase state of IPN is thermodynamically unstable; however, its kinetic stability is ensured by permanent chamical crosslinks prohibiting the incipient phase separation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 781-789 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental measurements are reported of oil-water flows in a 20 cm ID pipe at mean velocities between 2.7 and 35 cm/s, at deviation angles θ from vertical between 0 and 65°, and at water flow rate fractions between 30 and 100%. The distribution of the water volume fraction αw across a pipe section is obtained using local high-frequency probes. The mean water volume fraction in the section and the slip velocity Vs between oil and water are also determined. High Vs values (up to 50 cm/s) are measured at large deviation angles; they are associated with oil droplet swarms or continuous oil phase zones. Both αw profiles and Vs values depend only on the mean water volume fraction and not on the total flow rate Qt in the range investigated. At low oil volume fractions αo, all droplets are concentrated close to the upper side of the pipe. At larger αo values, a slower linear variation of αw with the distance y from the axis is measured. A model is suggested relating the slope ∂αw/∂y in a vertical plane to the existence of internal density waves in the stratified mixture.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 43 (1992), S. 48-55 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anlaufen von AuAgCu-Legierungen. Auswahl eines beschleunigten Anlauf-TestsDas Anlaufverhalten von drei AuAgCu-Legierungen mit 14 und 18 ct sowie einer AuAgCuZn-Legierung mit 14 ct, die für dekorative Zwecke viel verwendet werden, wurde mit drei verschiedenen Anlauf-Tests geprüft, darunter zwei Gasphasen-Tests, nämlich (a) dem Schwefelblüten-Test (50 °C, 75% RF, 5 (d) und b) dem Thioacetamid-Test (Raumtemperatur, 75% RF, 5 d), und einem Flüssigphasen-Test, der als Tuccillo-Nielsen-Test bekannt ist und bei dem die Proben während 3 h alternierend in eine wässerige Sulfidlösung getaucht werden. Es wurde festgestellt, daß das in Feldversuchen gefundene Anlaufverhalten durch den Flüssigphasen-Test besser als durch die Gasphasen-Tests wiedergegeben wird. Die Verfärbungen sind aber beim Flüssigphasen-Test ungleichmäßiger. Der Hauptvorteil des Tuccillo-Nielsen-Tests liegt darin, daß er nur 3 h erfordert; andererseits können dabei leicht Kontakteffekte auftreten, und es kann schwierig sein, damit Endprodukte beliebiger Form zu prüfen. Der Thioacetamid-Test liefert schlecht reproduzierbare und wenig zuverlässige Ergebnisse außerdem sind die nach 5 d erhaltenen Farbänderungen gering, schließlich ist Thioacetamid auch kanzerogen. Der Schwefelblüten-Test liefert ausgeprägte, reproduzierbare Verfärbungen und ist daher bei der beschleunigten Prüfung von silber- und kupferhaltigen Legierungen dem Thioacetamid-Test vorzuziehen.
    Notes: Three tarnish-testing procedures were applied to three 14 and 18 ct AuAgCu and one 14 ct AuAgCuZn alloys widely used in decorative applications. Two gaseous phase tarnishing tests were investigated: (a)the flower of sulphur test carried out at 50 °C and 75% relative humidity for 5 days, and(B)the thioacetamide test performed at ambient temperature and 75% relative humidity for 5 days.In addition, a liquid based method known as the Tuccillo-Nielsen test where the samples are alternatively immersed in an aqueous sulphide solution for 3 h was also studied. It was found that the general tarnishing aspect encountered in field trials was better reproduced in the liquid medium than in the gas phase tests. The colorations are more heterogeneous in the liquid test. The main advantage of the Tuccillo-Nielsen test is that it requires only 3 h, but it can give rise to galvanic effects and may be difficult to apply to any forms of finished products. The thioacetamide test gave poorly reproducible and reliable results. In addition the colour changes after 5 days' exposure were small; moreover, thioacetamide is a carcinogen. The flower of sulphur test yielded large, reproducible colour changes. It should be preferred to the thioacetamide test for the accelerated testing of silver - and copper-containing alloys.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 43 (1992), S. 115-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anlaufen von AuAgCu-Legierungen: Einfluss der ZusammensetzungDie Anlaufbeständigkeit von zwei binären AuAg-, einer binären AuCu-, drei ternären AuAgCu- und einer quaternären AuAgCuZn-Legierung wurde mit zwei beschleunigten Anlaufprüfmethoden untersucht, und zwar dem in der Gasphase durchgeführten Schwefel-Ausblühungstest und dem in wässeriger Phase durchgeführten Tuccillo-Nielsen-Test. Die Anlaufschichten wurden colorimetrisch und coulometrisch analysiert. Die Farbe der meisten untersuchten Legierungen wurde durch das Anlaufen nach rötlich und gelblich verschoben. Zwischen der Farbänderung und der Kathodenladung wurde eine lineare Beziehung gefunden, was darauf hindeutet, daß die Dicke der Anlaufschicht ausreichend gering ist und daher eine lineare Beziehung zwischen Reflexionsvermögen und Filmdicke besteht. Bei den Legierungen mit hohem Silbergehalt war die Anlaufschicht so dick, daß Interferenzeffekte festzustellen waren; aus diesem Grunde wird das Anlaufen am besten durch die Kathodenladung charakterisiert. Es wurde gefunden, daß der Silbergehalt der Parameter ist, welcher die Anlaufbeständigkeit dominant bestimmt, doch spielt auch der Kupfergehalt eine gewisse Rolle. Das Anlaufen der binären AuAg-Legierungen kann als quadratische Funktion des Silbergehaltes ausgedrückt werden, während es sich bei den ternären und quaternären Legierungen um einen einfachen additiven Effekt des Silbers und Kupfers handelt.
    Notes: The tarnishing resistance of two AuAg binary, one AuCu binary, three AuAgCu ternary and one AuAgCuZn quaternary alloys was investigated using two accelerated tarnish testing procedures. The flower of sulphur test carried out in the gaseous phase and the Tuccillo-Nielsen method performed in an aqueous liquid solution were used. The tarnished layers were characterized by colorimetric and coulometric measurements. For most of the alloys, the colour turned both reddish and yellowish after tarnishing. A linear trend was found between the colour change and the cathodic charge, indicating that the thickness of the tarnished layer is small enough to be in the range where the reflectivity is linearly related to film thickness. For the high-silver alloys, the tarnished layer was thick enough to give rise to interference effects and therefore the tarnish is best characterized by the cathodic charge. It was found that the silver content is the dominant parameter influencing the tarnish resistance, but the copper content also plays a role. The tarnishing of AuAg binary alloys was interpreted as a quadratic function of silver content, while that of the ternary and quaternary alloys was found to be a simple additive effect of the silver and copper contributions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 885-890 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1172-1176 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An important function of an optical fiber coating is to prevent optical losses due to microbending induced by lateral forces on the fiber. To protect the fiber over a wide temperature range the modulus of the primary and the secondary coating should be low and high, respectively, and temperature independent. However, selecting the most appropriate organic coating materials introduces a new source of optical losses. Since the linear thermal expansion coefficients of silica and the organic coatings differ by about two orders of magnitude, thermal, fluctuations will cause axial stresses. Cooling may then induce bending or buckling of the glass fiber in the soft primary coating, resulting in increased transmission losses. This effect is especially pronounced when a high-modulus secondary coating is selected with a glass transition temperature above 80°C. For this type of coating the difference in radial shrinkage between the buffer and the top coating during cooling from the curing temperature becomes important. The influence of primary coating thickness is discussed.
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