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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (78)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (78)
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1985-1989  (24)
  • 1975-1979  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Caprolactam has been anionically polymerized within the planar-random continuous glass mat reinforcement using a technique similar to reaction injection molding and up to 55% (w/w) [i.e., 33% (v/v)] glass fiber loading was achieved. The fiber volume fraction distribution across the diameter of the composite was observed to be reasonably uniform. The tensile stress-strain properties were determined. Composite modulus and strength appeared to be linearly dependent on the fiber volume fraction and increase with fiber volume content. The type of composite material studied has been used for compression molding of articles. Therefore, some tensile data were redetermined after compression molding and possible changes in degree of crystallinity resulting from the change in the thermal history monitored by differential scanning calorimetry. A 50% drop in the percent degree of crystallinity (monoclinic modification) of the as-polymerized composite and a deterioration in the tensile properties of the composite were observed after compression molding. On compression molding the mold surface needs to be completely covered with the composite sheet material; otherwise, matrix polymer flows out of the composite, and areas deficient in reinforcement result.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 77-89 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The impact fracture toughness of nylon 6/continuous glass fiber composites at four levels of fiber content has been studied. The composites were produced by anionically polymerizing caprolactam within a glass mat using a vacuum injection technique. Application of linear elastic fracture mechanics to characterize the impact fracture toughness of the composites, using an energy approach (GIC), has been found to be applicable provided that a correction is made for the size of the damage zone. The concept of Jc, fracture energy per unit ligament area, has also been applied to the composites and agreement between GIC and Jc has been found to be reasonably satisfactory. The ratio of crack propagation energy to the total energy absorbed (ductility index) has also been calculated. The ductility index was found to be close to one for the composites, indicating that additional energy is involved in propagating the fracturing cracks probably due to fiber debonding and/or crack blunting and fiber pullout. Fractographic examination of the impact fracture surface confirmed the presence of these features.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: thermoplastic elastomer ; carbocationic polymerization ; polyisobutylene ; living polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New linear triblock thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) comprising a rubbery polyisobutylene (PIB) midblock flanked by two glassy endblocks of various styrenic polymers have been synthesized by living carbocationic polymerization by sequential monomer addition. First isobutylene (IB) was polymerized by a bifunctional tert-ether (dicumyl methyl ether) initiator in conjunction with TiCl4 coinitiator in CH3Cl/methylcyclohexane (MeCHx) (40/60 v/v) solvent mixtures at -80°C. After the living narrow molecular weight distribution PIB midblock ($\[\bar M_n\]$ = 1.1-1.2) has reached the desired molecular weight, the styrenic monomers together with an electron pair donor (ED) and a proton trap (di-tert-butylpyridine, DtBP) were added to start the blocking of the glassy segments from the living ⊕PIB⊕ chain ends. While p-methylstyrene (pMeSt), p-t-butylstyrene (ptBuSt) and indene (In) gave essentially 100% blocking to the corresponding glassy endblocks, the blocking of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene (TMeSt) and α-methylstyrene (αMeSt) were ineffective. Uncontrolled initiation by protic impurities was prevented by the use of DtBP. In the simultaneous presence of DtBP and the strong ED N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), TPEs with good mechanical properties (10-20 MPa tensile strength, 300-600% elongation) were prepared. The products exhibit a low and a high temperature Tg characteristic of phase separated rubbery and glassy domains. The service temperature of these new TPEs exceeds that of PSt-PIB-PSt triblock copolymers due to the higher Tgs (PpMeSt = 108, PptBuSt = 142 and PIn = 220-240°C) of the outer blocks. The Tg of the glassy blocks can be regulated by copolymerizing two styrene derivatives; a triblock copolymer with outer blocks of poly(pt-butylstyrene-co-indene) showed a single glassy transition Tg = +165°C, i.e., in between that of PptBuSt and PIn. Virgin TPEs have been repeatedly compression molded without deterioration of physical properties. The high melt flow index obtained with a TPE containing PptBuSt endblocks suggests superior processability relative to those with PSt end-blocks. The tensile strength retention at 60°C of the former TPE is far superior to that of a PSt-PIB-PSt triblock of similar composition.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New linear and three-arm star thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) comprising a rubbery polysobutylene (PIB) midblock flanked by glass polystyrene (PSt) blocks have been synthesized by living carbocationic polymerization in the presence of select additives by sequential monomer addition. First, isobutylene (IB) was polymerized by bi- and trifunctional tert-ether (dicumyl- and tricumyl methoxy) initiators in conjunction with TiCl4 conintiator in CH3Cl/methylcyclohexane (MeCHx) (40/60 v/v) solvent mixtures at -80°C. After the living, narrow molecular weight, distribution PIB (M̄w/M̄n = 1.1-1.2) has reached the desired molecular weight, styrene (St) together with an electron pair donor (ED) and a proton trap (di-tert-butylpyridine, DtBP) were added to block PSt from the living chain ends. Uncontrolled initiation by protic impurities that produces PSt contamination is prevented by the use of DtBP. PSt-PIB-PSt blocks obtained in the absence of additives are contaminated by homopolymer and /or diblocks due to inefficient blocking and initiation by protic impurities, and exhibit poor physical properties. In contrast in the presence of the strong ED N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and DtBP the blocking of St from living PIB chain occurs efficiently and block copolymers exhibiting good mechanical properties can be prepared. Virgin TPEs can be repeatedly compression molded without deterioration of physical properties. The products exhibit a low and a high temperature Tg characteristic of phase separated PIB and PSt domains. Transmission electron microscopy of linear triblocks containing ∼ 34 wt % PSt also indicates microphase separation and suggests PSt rods dispersed in a PIB matrix.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The living carbocationic polymerisation of styrene (St) has been investigated by the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCI)/TiCl4 initiating system in the presence of various additives such as electron pair donors (EDs) and the proton trap 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (DtBP) by the use of the mixed solvent CH3Cl/methyl-cyclohexane (MCHx) (40/60 v/v) at -80°C under conventional laboratory conditions. The TMPCl/TiCl4 system in the absence of additives produces ill-defined bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD) polymers. Much better defined polystyrenes (PSt) can be obtained in the presence of EDs, such as N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). Monomer depletion should be avoided to prevent intra- or intermolecular alkylation yielding indanyl end groups or branched polymers, respectively. In the combined presence of an ED and the proton trap, i.e., DMA + DtBP, the living polymerization of St has been achieved and thus the foundations for the carbocationic synthesis of PSt block polymers by sequential monomer addition have been laid.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 37 (1986), S. 612-612 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational transitions induced by pH changes in random copolymers of leucine and glutamic acid have been studied. Significant differences were observed in the potentiometric titration curves of copolymers with small (up to 4%) and large leucine contents. The helical stability of copolymers with small leucine content, determined from titration curves by the Zimm and Rice method, decreases slightly with an increase in the leucine content, whereas the helical stability of copolymers with large leucine content increases sharply with an increase of the leucine content. It is shown that copolymers with large leucine content aggregate in the region of transition into the helical state, but the increase of their helical state stability is not connected with intermolecular aggregation, as it was also observed for a nonaggregating fraction isolated from one of the copolymers by gel chromatography. A conclusion is made that the helix-coil equilibrium constant s for leucine does not itself exceed the s constant for uncharged polyglutamic acid. The stabilization of the helical state in copolymers with large leucine content is due to intramolecular aggregation of helices in these copolymers. The analysis of the leucine residue distribution between helical and nonhelical regions in globular proteins also gives no real arguments to ascribe special helix-forming properties to leucine.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 931-942 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation in polymer melts ; relaxation of proton NMR processes in melts (theory) ; chain motions and NMR relaxation in melts ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment of the nonexponential relaxation behavior of the different proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation processes in polymer melts is presented. Formulas are derived for a three-component model given by two versions and a homogeneous distribution of correlation times. The theoretical results were tested with measurements of T1, T2e, and T2 as functions of frequency and molecular mass in linear fractionated polyethylene samples. While the T1 relaxation always yields exponential magnetization decays, the T2e and T2 measurements show biexponential relaxation behavior. From the calculations it was found that the correlation time of the local motion is independent of the molecular mass, whereas the correlation time of the slowest motional process increases with M2.8w for the three-component model and with M2.2w for the distribution of correlation times, respectively. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: miscibility of polycarbonate blends ; domain size of acrylic and polycarbonate blends ; imaging analysis ; intramolecular interactions in copolymer ; 1H T1p (proton NMR relaxation time) ; Differential Scanning Calorimetry ; Transmission Electron Microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PMCHM) and with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (1H T1p), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A blend of PC/PMCHM (50/50 wt/wt) with the acrylic component PMCHM, a copolymer of PMMA and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (80/20 wt/wt), shows only one T1p value, which indicates high miscibility in this blend. A blend of PC/PMMA (50/50 wt/wt) shows two 1H T1p values, which are similar to those of the homopolymers PC and PMMA. These results indicate high immiscibility. The “domain size” calculated from NMR results of the miscible blend PC/PMCHM is approximately 40 Å. The results of DSC and TEM are similar to the NMR results. However, TEM results show the presence of 3% PC domains in the PC/PMCHM blend, which are not seen by NMR or DSC. Those PC domains are approximately 500 Å. A strong intramolecular repulsion in the copolymer PMCHM and specific intermolecular interactions between PC and PMMA may explain the miscibility in the PC/PMCHM system. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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