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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the structural properties of electrode materials in operating battery cells (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 194-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Hard x rays from a synchrotron source were utilized in diffraction experiments which probed the bulk of electrode materials while they were operating in situ in battery cells. Two technologically relevant electrode materials were examined; an AB2-type anode in a nickel–metal–hydride cell and a LiMn2O4 cathode in a Li-ion "rocking chair'' cell. Structural features such as lattice expansions and contractions, phase transitions, and the formation of multiple phases were easily observed as either hydrogen or lithium was electrochemically intercalated in and out of the electrode materials. The relevance of this technique for future studies of battery electrode materials is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117369
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ XAS of the reaction mechanism of lithium with tin-based composite oxide glass (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 596-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598017026
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unstable interannual oscillation modes in a linearized coupled ocean-atmosphere model and their associations with ENSO (1997)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 62 (1997), S. 161-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Summary By using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model with an oceanic surface boundary layer, including linear atmospheric and oceanic dynamics and linearized SST prognostic equation with respect to spatially varying climatological background states, we have investigated the eigenvalue problem of the linearized coupled system in the tropical Pacific, including the characteristic periods, horizontal structures, temporal-spatial evolution and instability of the unstable interannual oscillation characteristic modes and their associations with ENSO. The main results show that the quasi-biennial (QB) oscillation was found to act as the most unstable mode in the tropical Pacific coupled air-sea system. Only the most unstable QB mode displays the ENSO-like structure and temporalspatial evolution, and its existence seems likely to have no essential dependence on the climatological annual cycle (AC). Unfortunately, from the linearized coupled system we have not derived a most unstable mode relevant to the observed principle mode with the preferred 3–4 year lower-frequency (LF) oscillation period in the real world ENSO variability. Therefore, we infer that the LF mode would likely result from certain nonlinear interaction, in which the QB mode that acts as the shortest ENSO cycle could be fundamentally important. Also, we believe that the results in present work could be helpful to fully understand the multiple time scales and the associated mechanism responsible for the real world ENSO variability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029700
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ENSO cycle in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and its negative feedback mechanism (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 61 (1996), S. 153-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Summary A coupled ocean-atmosphere anomaly model has been developed for simulating ENSO cycle and its mechanism-study in this paper. After a long model run, the coupled model is successful in demonstrating ENSO-like irregular interannual variability and corresponding horizontal spatial structures. Based on the simulated results, the dynamics and the thermodynamics of the model ENSO cycle have been investigated, and in particular the negative feedback mechanisms that act to oppose instability of air-sea interaction, inducing termination of warm and cold events, have been examined. A detailed analysis of the oceanic wave dynamical properties and heat budget of the SST changes in a representative cycle suggest that the negative feedback mechanism to check the unstable growth of a warm event obviously differs from that of a cold event. The mechanism that induces decay and termination of a cold event is closely related to the negative, delayed feedback effect produced by the oceanic dynamical wave reflection at the western boundary. However, independent of the wave reflection effect, the negative feedback mechanism by which the coupled system returns from a warm event is associated with a slowly eastward-propagating coupling mode. Accompanied with the strong unstable development of the equatorial positive SST anomaly, the anomalous upwelling of cold water generated off the equator and the nonlinear anomalous meridional advection generated in the equator west of instability area jointly restrain the instability and finally plunge the system from a mature warm phase into a weak cold phase. A comparison between the results from the present model and the previous works is also discussed in this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025703
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On Vector Variational Inequalities: Application to Vector Equilibria (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 95 (1997), S. 431-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Vector variational inequalities ; vector optimization ; flow equilibria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We motivate the study of a vector variational inequality by a practical flow equilibrium problem on a network, namely a generalization of the well-known Wardrop equilibrium principle. Both weak and strong forms of the vector variational inequality are discussed and their relationships to a vector optimization problem are established under various convexity assumptions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022647607947
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vector network equilibrium problems and nonlinear scalarization methods (1999)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 49 (1999), S. 239-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Multicriteria network equilibrium ; scalarization methods ; strictly monotone functions ; variational inequalities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. The conventional equilibrium problem found in many economics and network models is based on a scalar cost, or a single objective. Recently, equilibrium problems based on a vector cost, or multicriteria, have received considerable attention. In this paper, we study a scalarization method for analyzing network equilibrium problems with vector-valued cost function. The method is based on a strictly monotone function originally proposed by Gerstewitz. Conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for weak vector equilibrium are derived, with the prominent feature that no convexity assumptions are needed, in contrast to other existing scalarization methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001860050023
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Directional derivatives for set-valued mappings and applications (1998)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 48 (1998), S. 273-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Directional derivative ; set-valued mapping ; optimality condition ; mean value theorem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. Set-valued optimisation is an important topic and has wide applications in engineering and game theory. An interesting topic in set-valued optimisation is the appropriate introduction of a derivative concept for set-valued mappings. In this paper, Dini directional derivatives are introduced and investigated for set-valued mappings. A derivative concept of a Jacobificator for set-valued mappings is introduced in terms of the Dini directional derivatives. Applications are given to present optimality conditions and mean value theorems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001860050028
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Convex composite minimization withC 1,1 functions (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 86 (1995), S. 631-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Convex composite minimization problems ; generalized second-order directional derivatives ; generalized Taylor expansions ; basic constraint qualifications ; second-order optimality conditions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we present second-order optimality conditions for convex composite minimization problems in which the objective function is a composition of a finite-valued or a nonfinite-valued lower semicontinuous convex function and aC 1,1 function. The results provide optimality conditions for composite problems under reduced differentiability requirements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02192162
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the intersection of two particular convex sets (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 89 (1996), S. 483-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Simplexes ; convex sets ; convex programs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this note, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the intersection of them−1 simplex co {ξ1,...,ξ m } ofm affinely independent vectors ξ1,...,ξ m of ℝ n and the negative orthant ℝ − n to be empty, i.e., $$co\{ \xi ^1 ,...,\xi ^m \} \cap \mathbb{R}_ - ^n = \emptyset ,$$ wherem≤n. It is also shown that the special casem=2 can be checked easily. These results suggest that the above-mentioned emptiness can be checked recursively. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the results. Potential applications of these results include the compatible multicommodity flow problems and satisficing solution problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02192542
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vector Variational Inequality and Vector Pseudolinear Optimization (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 95 (1997), S. 729-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Vector variational inequalities ; vector optimization ; optimality conditions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The study of a vector variational inequality has been advanced because it has many applications in vector optimization problems and vector equilibrium flows. In this paper, we discuss relations between a solution of a vector variational inequality and a Pareto solution or a properly efficient solution of a vector optimization problem. We show that a vector variational inequality is a necessary and sufficient optimality condition for an efficient solution of the vector pseudolinear optimization problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022694427027
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