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  • 1
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    Requirement for Valpha14 NKT cells in IL-12-mediated rejection of tumors (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: A lymphocyte subpopulation, the Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, expresses both NK1.1 and a single invariant T cell receptor encoded by the Valpha14 and Jalpha281 gene segments. Mice with a deletion of the Jalpha281 gene segment were found to exclusively lack this subpopulation. The Valpha14 NKT cell-deficient mice could no longer mediate the interleukin-12 (IL-12)-induced rejection of tumors. Although the antitumor effect of IL-12 was thought to be mediated through natural killer cells and T cells, Valpha14 NKT cells were found to be an essential target of IL-12, and they mediated their cytotoxicity by an NK-like effector mechanism after activation with IL-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cui, J -- Shin, T -- Kawano, T -- Sato, H -- Kondo, E -- Toura, I -- Kaneko, Y -- Koseki, H -- Kanno, M -- Taniguchi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1623-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan 260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, RAG-1 ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Interleukin-12/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; *Macrolides ; Melanoma, Experimental/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*immunology ; Poly I-C/pharmacology ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of valpha14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: Natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes express an invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) encoded by the Valpha14 and Jalpha281 gene segments. A glycosylceramide-containing alpha-anomeric sugar with a longer fatty acyl chain (C26) and sphingosine base (C18) was identified as a ligand for this TCR. Glycosylceramide-mediated proliferative responses of Valpha14 NKT cells were abrogated by treatment with chloroquine-concanamycin A or by monoclonal antibodies against CD1d/Vbeta8, CD40/CD40L, or B7/CTLA-4/CD28, but not by interference with the function of a transporter-associated protein. Thus, this lymphocyte shares distinct recognition systems with either T or NK cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawano, T -- Cui, J -- Koezuka, Y -- Toura, I -- Kaneko, Y -- Motoki, K -- Ueno, H -- Nakagawa, R -- Sato, H -- Kondo, E -- Koseki, H -- Taniguchi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1626-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD1/*immunology ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cells, Cultured ; Ceramides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cerebrosides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Coculture Techniques ; Galactosylceramides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Glucosylceramides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*immunology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron annihilation in SiO2/Si structure at low temperature (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3269-3273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Annihilation characteristics of positrons in SiO2/Si structure were studied by using a monoenergetic positron beam in the temperature range between 50 K and room temperature. In the SiO2 film, positrons formed positronium (Ps) and they annihilated from localized states in open spaces. Below 100 K, the Ps formation was found to be suppressed. This fact was attributed to the trapping of positrons by point defects in the SiO2 film at low temperature. The depth distribution of such traps was not homogeneous; its concentration in the central region of the SiO2 film was higher than that in the regions near the surface or the interface. The potential of monoenergetic positrons for the detection of the point defects provides unique information for depth distributions of hole traps in SiO2 films. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360016
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimicrobial Effects of Pressured Carbon Dioxide in a Continuous Flow System (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of microbubbles of pressured CO2 greatly increased CO2 concentration in the solution treated. By treatment at 6 MPa, 35°C and average residence time 15 min, L. brevis was completely inactivated at the level of dissolved CO2,γ≧ 11 (γ, Kuenen's gas absorption coefficient). E. coli and S. cerevisiae required γ≧ 17, and T. versatilis required γ≧ 21 for complete inactivation. Z. rouxii could be sterilized at 20 MPa and 26. A comparison of the continuous and batch method showed that L. brevis was inactivated completely under pressured CO2 〉 0.16 g/cm3 with the continuous method and 〉0.9 g/cm3 with the batch method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15819.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of leech excitatory peptide, a member of the GGNG peptides, in the central nervous system of a leech (Whitmania pigra) by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Leech excitatory peptide ; Neuropeptide ; Whitmania pigra (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We have recently isolated a myoactive peptide, called leech excitatory peptide, belonging to the GGNG peptide family from two species of leeches, Hirudo nipponia and Whitmania pigra. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were employed to localize leech excitatory peptide-like peptide(s) and its gene expression in the central nervous system of W. pigra. A pair of neuronal somata were stained by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the supraesophageal, subesophageal, and segmental ganglia. In addition, several other neurons showed positive signals by either immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in these ganglia. An immunoreactive fiber was observed to run in the anterior root of segmental ganglion 6, which is known to send axons to the sexual organs, though we failed to detect immunoreactivity in possible target tissues. Antiserum specificity was established by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different leech excitatory peptide-related peptides. Leech excitatory peptide elicited muscular contraction of isolated preparations of penis and intestine at concentrations of 10–8 M. These results suggest that leech excitatory peptide is a neuropeptide modulating neuromuscular transmission in multiple systems, including regulation of reproductive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051343
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of transitions and relaxation processes in polystyrene by using positron annihilation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 210 (1996), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The glass transition and relaxation processes in polystyrene resins with the number average molecular weight ranging from 7.0·102 to 9.8·104 were studied with the positron annihilation technique. The pick-off annihilation lifetime of ortho-positronium (τ3) and its intensity (I 3) were measured in the temperature range from 20 to 430 K. The glass transition temperature (T g) was determined as an onset temperature coefficient of τ3.T g shows the molecular weight dependence in these samples. BelowT g, local motions were detected by measurements ofI 3. The local motions could be observed above 100 K in this experiment.I 3 show the minimum at around 250 K and it does not show molecular weight dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02056387
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free volumes in liquid-crystalline main-chain polymer probed by positron annihilation (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 891-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: positron annihilation ; free volume ; liquid crystalline polymer ; HBT ; PET ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Free volumes in a copolymer consisting of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were probed by positron annihilation technique. Doppler broadening profiles of the annihilation radiation and lifetime spectra of positrons were measured in the temperature range between 30 and 230°C. Above the glass transition temperature (ca. 60°C), the lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilated in the free volumes and its annihilation probability were found to increase with increasing specimen temperature. These facts were attributed to the increase both in the size of the free volumes and in the concentration of such regions due to rearrangements of molecules. From the observed lifetime of o-Ps, it was found that the size of the free volumes increases from 0.05 nm3 to 0.1 nm3 in the temperature range between 30 and 230°C. At solid-mesophase transition temperature (150-220°C), the size of the free volumes monotonously increases, while the increase in the concentration of such regions saturates at 174°C. The clear relationship between the data obtained by the positron annihilation and those obtained by differential scanning calorimetry was confirmed. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free volumes in nematic and smectic liquid-crystalline polymers probed by positron annihilation (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1659-1664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: positron annihilation ; free volume ; liquid-crystalline polymer ; nematic ; smectic ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Free volumes in thermotropic side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers were probed by positron annihilation technique. Lifetime spectra of positrons were measured in the temperature range between 130 and -60°C in cooling. For a nematic liquid-crystalline polymer (polyacrylate), the lifetime of ortho-positronium (τ3) was decreased with decreasing temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg, 21°C) with larger temperature coefficient than that below Tg. The intensity of ortho-positronium (I3) was constant above Tg. These facts mean that the size of the free-volume holes decreased with the decreasing the temperature but the concentration was almost constant in nematic phase. For a smectic liquid-crystalline polymer (poly(p-methylstyrene) derivative), a discontinuous decrease in the value of τ3 and that of I3 were observed at 107°C, which was the transition temperature from smectic to crystalline phase. Such discontinuous changes were not observed for the polyacrylate specimen. This difference was considered to be attributed to the higher-ordered structure of the smectic phase. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of relaxation processes in polyethylene and polystyrene by positron annihilation (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 2145-2151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: positron annihilation ; free volume ; relaxation ; local motion of molecule ; micro-Brownian motion ; polyethylene ; polystyrene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Relaxation processes in polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were studied by positron annihilation technique. For PE, above the glass transition temperature, Tg, the size of free volumes and its concentration were increased by the micro-Brownian motion of molecules. For PS, local motions of molecules in backbone chains were found to start above 260 K. However, these local motions were suppressed by an interphenyl correlation. For both PE and PS, below 250-260 K, the formation probability of positronium atoms increased with decreasing temperature. This fact was assigned to the freezing in of the local motions of molecules. For PS, an onset of the local motions of molecules was observed above 100 K. These motions were expected to be associated with liberation of phenyl groups. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition and relaxation processes of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene studied by positron annihilation (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1601-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: positron annihilation ; polyethylene ; polypropylene ; polystyrene ; glass transition ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transition and relaxation processes of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were studied by the positron annihilation technique. From measurements of lifetime spectra of positrons as a function of temperature, the lifetime of ortho-positronium, τ3, and its intensity, I3, were found to increase above 260 K for PP. This fact was attributed to a cooperative motion of large segments of molecules above the glass transition temperature, Tg. For PE, above Tg (140 K), the value of τ3 increased, but the temperature coefficient of I3 was negative below 230 K. From this fact, for PE, the molecular motions that cause the glass transition were associated with a rearrangement of molecules by local motions such as kink motions. The discrepancy between the results for PE and PP was attributed to the presence of methyl groups in PP and the resultant suppression of the local motions. For PS (Tg = 340 K), the molecular motions were found to start above 260 K, but those were suppressed by an interphenyl correlation. Detailed annihilation characteristics of positrons in polymers were also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1601-1609, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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