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  • 1
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 7 (1995), S. 17-35 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Provides a survey about a new process for dyeing synthetic fibres and fabrics. The use of disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide as a dyeing medium completely avoids water pollution and the need for drying. Presents laboratory results showing excellent levelness and fastnesses on the dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate and on polyamides. Describes the state of technical development.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Entwicklung neuartiger ökologisch verträglicher makromolekularer Schlichtemittel wurden in früheren Arbeiten Copolymerisationsreaktionen zwischen Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) und Stärke unter Verwendung von chemisch reaktiven bifunktionellen Verbindungen wie N-Methylolacrylamid beschrieben. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die physikochemischen Eigenschaften des resultierenden Copolymeren untersucht. Von Bedeutung sind hierbei insbesondere Merkmale wie Molekulargewichtsverteilung, Klebekraft, Stabilität, Löslichkeit sowie rheologische Eigenschaften. Derartige Kenntnisse über die physikochemische Beschaffenheit der PVA-Ausgangsverbindung sowie des makromolekularen Endproduktes sind eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von neuen Produkten, die als wasserlösliche, recycelbare Schlichtemittel zur Anwendung in der Textilindustrie kommen können.
    Notes: A macromolecular sizing agent based on the copolymerization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with hydrolysed starch was prepared using the chemically reactive bifunctional compound N-methylolacrylamide. Detailed characteristics of the resultant PVA/N-methylolcarbamoylethylated starch copolymer were studied where emphasis has been placed on solubility, rheological properties, molecular weight distribution, adhesive power and stability. Elucidation of the nature of the macromolecular segments of both N-methylolcarbamoylethylated PVA as well as PVA/N-methylolcarbamoylethylated starch copolymer fulfilled the prerequisite to tailor PVA/starch copolymer which is appropriate for application as a water-soluble recyclable sizing agent by ultrafiltration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 234 (1996), S. 159-175 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The evaluation of the viscoelastic response of synthetic fibres from stress-relaxation data over a wide range of time at different strain rates is very time-consuming. Therefore, mathematical models are used to describe the viscoelastic response. The characteristic of synthetic fibres is that already at very low deformation rates like an elongation 〈 1% a nonlinear viscoelasticity has to be considered.Based on the analytical representation of isothermal viscoelastic behaviour by Boltzmann a new model making an assertion to the nonlinear viscoelasticity is proposed. Applying this model, the calculated values of moduli and relaxation tensions of the fibres Nomex® and PEEK are in good agreement with the experimental values.
    Notes: Zur Beurteilung des viskoelastischen Verhaltens von Synthesefasern sind zeitaufwendige Relaxationsuntersuchungen erforderlich. Um zu schnelleren Aussagen zu gelangen, werden mathematische Modelle benötigt. Charakteristisch für Synthesefasern ist, daß bereits bei sehr kleinen Dehnungen 〈 1% kein lineares viskoelastisches Verhalten angenommen werden kann. Es wird ein auf der Grundlage der Boltzmann-Theorie erweitertes Modell vorgestellt, welches das nichtlineare viskoelastische Verhalten von Synthesefasern beschreibt. Unter Anwendung des hier vorgestellten Modells wird das Relaxationsverhalten der Synthesefasern Nomex® und PEEK beschrieben und ein Konzept zur Messung und Auswertung des Ergebnisses vorgestellt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new conception for modification of textile surfaces by permanent fixation of supramolecular components is explained. The principle of selective complexation is illustrated. Cyclodextrins, aza crown ethers, calixarenes, cyclotriveratrylenes and fullerenes are mainly suggested as suitable ligands for that procedure. The chemical structure and the complexation behaviour of the substances are described. Some surface properties which may be obtained with the ligands are especially emphasized.
    Notes: Ein neues Konzept zur Modifizierung von Faseroberflächen durch permanente Fixierung supramolekularer Verbindungen wird vorgestellt, und das Prinzip der selektiven Komplexierung wird erklärt. Als für die Behandlung grundsätzlich geeignete Liganden werden insbesondere Cyclodextrine, Azakronenether, Calixarene, Cyclotriveratrylene und Fullerene hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Struktur sowie ihrer komplexierenden Eigenschaften beschrieben. Einige erreichbare Oberflächeneffekte werden hervorgehoben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations on Adhesion of Pigment Printings by UV-Laser TreatmentInvestigations on the influence of UV-laser treatment of polyethyleneterephthalate and polyamide fibers and foils on the adhesion properties of pigment printings are presented. It could be shown that even irradiation with low energy densities and low number of pulses applied increases binder film adhesion very efficiently. Some interpretations of the laser action upon adhesion improvement related to surface modification are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Entwicklung neuartiger, ökologisch verträglicher makromolekularer Schlichtemittel wurden Copolymerisationsreaktionen zwischen Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) und Stärke unter Verwendung von chemisch reaktiven, bifunktionellen Verbindungen wie N-Methylolacrylamid (N-MAm) untersucht. Die Copolymerisationsreaktion wurde in zwei Schritten durchgeführt. Im ersten Reaktionsschritt erfolgt eine Additionsreaktion von N-MAm mit PVA unter alkalischen Bedingungen. Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Reaktionsparameter wie Alkali-Konzentration, Temperatur, Reaktionszeit sowie der N-MAm-Konzentration geprüft. Die zweite Reaktionsstufe besteht in einer Pfropfcopolymerisationsreaktion von substituiertem Polyvinylalkohol (N-MAm-PVA) mit hydrolytisch abgebauter Stärke in Anwesenheit von NH4Cl. Auch hier wurde der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Reaktionsbedingungen wie Temperatur, Reaktionszeit sowie Konzentrationen der eingesetzten Katalysatoren und Reaktanden untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Gelpermeationschromatographie wurde nachgewiesen, daß die Molekulargewichtsverteilung und die Viskosität von PVA-Stärke-Copolymeren von den Molekulargewichten der Ausgangspolymeren (PVA, Stärke) abhängt.
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was grafted on hydrolysed starch through introduction of the chemically reactive bifunctional compound N-methylolacrylamid (N-MAm). The grafting reaction was carried out in two separate reaction steps. The first step was the reaction of PVA with N-MAm in alkaline medium. The reaction mechanism and reaction conditions such as alkali concentration, temperature, reaction time as well as N-MAm concentration were studied. According to the results obtained, the most appropriate conditions for the preparation of this reactive PVA are: treating PVA with N-MAm (1.25 mol/mol PVA) in the presence of NaOH (6% based on solution volume) at 20°C for 8 h. Second step was the reaction of this reactive PVA (N-MAm-PVA) with hydrolysed starch in the presence of NH4Cl. The latter was carried out under different conditions including temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration as well as N-MAm-PVA/hydrolysed starch ratio. The results obtained show that the extent of the grafting reaction is governed by each of these factors. Furthermore, GPC data showed that the molecular weight distribution and the apparent viscosity of PVA-N-MAm-starch composite depend on the initial molecular weight of both PVA and hydrolysed starch used.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclodextrin derivatives may be fixed permanently onto different fibre surfaces by suitable functional groups using conventional technologies of textile processing. As a result of the modification process the properties of the polymers are influenced. Some examples are discussed in detail. For several ligands it is illustrated that the fixed cavities do not lose their complexing power. Thus, special functional properties can be obtained by the inclusion of specific active agents.
    Notes: Mit herkömmlichen Verfahrenstechniken der Textilveredlung werden ausgewählte Cyclodextrinderivat über geeignete funktionelle Gruppen permanent auf verschiedenen Fasermaterialien fixiert. Einige der durch die Oberflächenmodifizierung beeinflußten Eigenschaften der Polymeren werden im einzelnen diskutiert. Insbensondere kann für mehrere Liganden gezeigt werden, daß die verankerten molekularen Hohlräume nicht die Fähigkeit verlieren, hydrophobe organische Verbindungen zu komplexieren. Somit lassen sich durch den Einschluß spezifischer Wirksubstanzen spezielle funktionelle Eigenschaften erzielen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mono-, oligo- and polyamide rotaxanes with the macrocycle cucurbituril are synthesized easily with high yields by interfacial condensation. The complex of cucurbituril with 1,6-hexanediammonium ion is used as preorganized structure. With different acid and diacid chlorides a great variety of amiderotaxanes and polyrotaxanes can be synthesized. The characterization is difficult due to the low solubility of cucurbituril and rotaxanes. But with the methods of IR, DTA, 1H NMR and elemental analyses, the existence of the rotaxanes is shown.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: complex stabilities ; alkali metals ; alkaline earth metals ; dibenzo crown ethers ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---An experimental method was developed to determine the stability constants with nearly insoluble ligands in homogeneous solution. This method was tested using dibenzo crown ethers, which have a very low solubility in aqueous solution. The stability constants for the complexation of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations with different dibenzo crown ethers were determined in aqueous solution. Owing to the complex formation the total concentration of the ligand in solution increases. Dibenzo crown ethers absorb in the ultraviolet spectral range, hence the increase in the ligand concentration can be easily detected. Without the knowledge of the molar absorptivities of the ligands and of the corresponding complexes and of the solubilities, the stabilities of the complexes formed can be calculated under certain assumptions. To verify these assumptions, the solubilities of the dibenzo crown ethers and the molar absorptivities were determined. The kinetics of the solubilization process of the ligands was followed by spectrophotometric measurements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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