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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling involving non-exchangeable ammonium in a gray luvisol (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 425-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrogen cycling ; Non-exchangeable ammonium ; Ammonium fixation ; Cropping systems ; Gray luvisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  There is considerable interest in determining the bio-availability of non-exchangeable NH4 + (NEA) because it constitutes nearly 10% of the total N in the top 1 m of soil. NEA is NH4 + present in the soil that is not extractable with neutral K salt solutions, e.g. 1M KCl. This study was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to quantify the amount of NEA released by a gray luvisolic clay loam soil in Alberta, Canada, during the growing season. Replicated plots under: (1) continuous bromegrass, (2) continuous barley, and (3) barley since 1991 but previously under a continuous forage legume, were sampled four times through the growing season to a depth of 80 cm. The first sampling was done before seeding of barley. Cropping systems and their interaction with time of sampling had no effect on NEA. The NEA-N pool in the soil decreased significantly during grain-filling and maturing of barley, and had returned to approximately its initial level by the following spring. The maximum amount of NEA-N released was 15 g m–2 at barley grain-filling in 1994, and 10 g m–2 3 weeks after barley had matured in 1995. Approximately 24% of the released NEA accumulated as 1M-KCl-extractable NH4 + in 1994, 20–30% was absorbed by the barley crop, and most of the remainder was probably assimilated by soil micro-organisms and immobilized in soil organic matter. The release of significant amounts of NEA during crop growth has implications for N cycling and measurements of mineralization/immobilization turnover rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050453
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cropping systems on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium forms and soil organic carbon in a Gray Luvisol (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cropping systems ; Soil organic matter ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of up to 23 years of agricultural cropping of a boreal forest soil on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N, P, and K pools were studied. The cropping systems studied were: (a) continuous barley, (b) continuous forage bromegrass, (c) continuous forage legume, and (d) barley/grass-legume forage rotation. Continuous bromegrass increased while other cropping systems decreased SOC in the surface soil. Kjeldahl N in soil approximately followed the trend in SOC. The net gain in N under continuous grass was attributed mostly to nonsymbiotic N fixation. Changes in SOC content appeared to be also influenced by cropping and tillage frequencies. Changes in fixed (intercalary) ammonium were small. There was no measurable change in total P, in part, because input was only slightly higher than crop offtake. Organic P increased under continuous bromegrass, and tended to decrease under continuous legume. The C/N and C/P ratios of soil organic matter decreased slightly with cropping. Exchangeable K (Kex) was decreased by cropping systems containing a legume crop to a greater extent than those without a legume crop. Most of the decrease occurred in the 0–15 cm depth. Nitric acid extractable K was not affected by cropping. Since net loss of Kex to 30 cm depth was substantially less than crop offtake, it is suggested that subsoil K reserves and matrix K were supplying a major portion of the crops' K requirement. It is concluded that the effects of cropping systems on SOC, N, P and K are influenced by crop type, and cropping and tillage frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384453
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cropping systems on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium forms and soil organic carbon in a Gray Luvisol (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Cropping systems ; Soil organic matter ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of up to 23 years of agricultural cropping of a boreal forest soil on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N, P, and K pools were studied. The cropping systems studied were: (a) continuous barley, (b) continuous forage bromegrass, (c) continuous forage legume, and (d) barley/grass-legume forage rotation. Continuous bromegrass increased while other cropping systems decreased SOC in the surface soil. Kjeldahl N in soil approximately followed the trend in SOC. The net gain in N under continuous grass was attributed mostly to nonsymbiotic N fixation. Changes in SOC content appeared to be also influenced by cropping and tillage frequencies. Changes in fixed (intercalary) ammonium were small. There was no measurable change in total P, in part, because input was only slightly higher than crop offtake. Organic P increased under continuous bromegrass, and tended to decrease under continuous legume. The C/N and C/P ratios of soil organic matter decreased slightly with cropping. Exchangeable K (Kex) was decreased by cropping systems containing a legume crop to a greater extent than those without a legume crop. Most of the decrease occurred in the 0–15 cm depth. Nitric acid extractable K was not affected by cropping. Since net loss of Kex to 30 cm depth was substantially less than crop offtake, it is suggested that subsoil K reserves and matrix K were supplying a major portion of the crops‘ K requirement. It is concluded that the effects of cropping systems on SOC, N, P and K are influenced by crop type, and cropping and tillage frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384453
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  • 4
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    Crop residue and fertilizer management effects on nutrient use and barley production (1999)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-01
    Description: Cereal straw has many potential on-farm and off-farm uses. If straw is to be removed from land, the practice should not adversely impact long-term crop production and soil quality. A 10-yr experiment was conducted on a Dark Grey Solod near Beaverlodge, Alberta (55°13′N, 119°20′W) to determine the effects of fertilizer and straw management on the yield of, and nutrient (N and P) use by, continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Four straw management treatments: (i) straw removal; (ii) straw ploughed in; (iii) straw disked in; and (iv) straw disked in plus a red clover (Trifoleum pratense L.) green manure disked in every fifth year, were superimposed on four fertilizer treatments. The fertilizer treatments were application of N and P: (i) banded at soil-test recommended rates (ST,b); (ii) broadcast and incorporated at soil-test recommended rates (ST,bi); (iii) banded at soil-test rates of N+ 25 kg ha−1 and P+ 10 kg ha−1 (ST+,b); and (iv) as in (iii) but broadcast-applied and incorporated (ST+,bi). The straw ploughed-in treatment tended to produce lower annual barley yield and N uptake (by 9 and 13%, respectively) than the other three residue treatments. Barley yield and utilization of N and P were unaffected by straw removal as compared to disking-in straw. Barley yield and N uptake were higher (by 12 and 17%, respectively) with N and P application at the higher rate. At the recommended rate, broadcast-and-incorporated application of fertilizers resulted in lower yields and nutrient use than banded-in application. Treatment effects on P uptake tended to be small. The green-manured treatment used less fertilizer N, resulted in less total barley grain production, and did not increase the amount of crop residues incorporated. It is concluded that grain yield and nutrient (N and P) use of a continuous barley cropping system, fertilized at recommended rates of N and P, were unaffected by straw removal. Key words: Crop residue management, continuous barley production, fertilizer N and P
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    Effects of rate, placement, and frequency of P application on yield and P content of bromegrass-red clover herbage and soil P distribution (1997)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-01
    Description: This study was conducted on a P-deficient Dark Grey Solod to compare the effects of the rate (0, 45, 90 kg P ha−1 cumulative), placement method (broadcast vs. banding), and frequency (preplant only vs. annually) of P fertilizer application on herbage production by a bromegrass (Bromus inermiss Leyss)–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture. The preplant broadcast application was incorporated by rototilling, and subsequent broadcast applications were topdressings. Annual applications continued for 3 yr only and dry matter (DM) yields were taken for 4 yr following the establishment year in 1991. Rate of P applied had the greatest effect on herbage yield, but its effect was influenced by the frequency of application. When P fertilizer was applied annually, herbage yields increased linearly with application rates. When P was applied preplant only, herbage yields reached a plateau with 45 or more kg P ha−1. Broadcasted P yielded slightly more than banded-in P in the first year harvest only. Annual application of 30 kg P ha−1 gave the highest cumulative herbage yield, suggesting decreasing P availability with time. This was supported by soil P analysis in 1994 and by herbage P concentrations. Herbage P concentration was significantly correlated with herbage yields of the second year and subsequent harvests. It is concluded that a preplant broadcast-incorporated application of 30 to 45 kg P ha–1, followed by at least one subsequent surface application of 30 kg P ha–1 was required for optimum herbage production by a legume-grass mixture. Key words: Application method, P fertilizer management, bromegrass-red clover, Grey Luvisol, soil P distribution
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Effects of cropping systems on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium forms and soil organic carbon in a Gray Luvisol (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Nitrogen cycling involving non-exchangeable ammonium in a gray luvisol (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-18
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Effects of cropping systems on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium forms and soil organic carbon in a Gray Luvisol (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Crop residue and fertilizer management effects on some biological and chemical properties of a Dark Grey Solod (1998)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-01
    Description: A 10-yr experiment was initiated on a Dark Grey Solod near Beaverlodge, Alberta (55° 13′N, 119° 20′W) in 1985 to determine the effects of fertilizer management and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw removal or incorporation on soil organic carbon (SOC) and related properties. Four crop residue treatments viz., (i) straw removed; (ii) straw ploughed in; (iii) straw disked in; (iv) straw disked in, plus a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) green manure disked in every fifth year were superimposed on each of four fertilizer treatments. The fertilizer treatments were application of N and P: (i) banded at soil-test recommended rates (ST, b); (ii) broadcast-applied and incorporated at soil-test recommended rates (ST, bi); (iii) banded at soil-test rates of N + 25 kg ha−1 and of P + 10 kg ha−1 (ST +, b); (iv) as in (iii) but fertilizers broadcast-applied and incorporated (ST +, bi). Each treatment was replicated three times in a strip-plot design. Organic carbon, total nitrogen, total, organic and inorganic phosphorus, acid-hydrolysable carbohydrates, and microbial biomass C and N in the soil were not significantly influenced by crop residue treatments. The application of N and P fertilizers above soil-test recommended rates did not significantly affect any of the measured soil properties. Nitrogen application at the higher rate, irrespective of placement method, resulted in greater accumulation of nitrate, especially at 60–90 cm depth. It is concluded that barley straw removal over 10 yr from adequately fertilized continuous cropping systems in the Grey soil zone did not adversely affect SOC and some related nutrient pools and soil properties. Key words: Crop residue management, nitrogen, phosphorus, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, soil carbohydrates
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    SHORT COMMUNICATION: A comparison of plant tissue digestion methods for nitrogen and phosphorus analyses (1995)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-01
    Description: Four variations of the Kjeldahl digestion were compared with a H2SO4–H2O2 digestion for N and P analysis, and a microwve digestion method and a dry ashing procedure for P analysis. One Kjeldahl variant using a Na2SO4–Se catalyst was found to be suitable for multi-element analysis while doubling the per diem output of digestions compared with the H2SO4–H2O2 method, provided that P was analyzed by the molybdivanadate (MV) procedure. Key words: Kjeldahl digestion, nitrogen, phosphorus, plant tissue
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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