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  • 1995-1999  (68)
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  • 1
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    Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: Osteoporosis and other diseases of bone loss are a major public health problem. Here it is shown that the statins, drugs widely used for lowering serum cholesterol, also enhance new bone formation in vitro and in rodents. This effect was associated with increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene in bone cells. Lovastatin and simvastatin increased bone formation when injected subcutaneously over the calvaria of mice and increased cancellous bone volume when orally administered to rats. Thus, in appropriate doses, statins may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of osteoporosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mundy, G -- Garrett, R -- Harris, S -- Chan, J -- Chen, D -- Rossini, G -- Boyce, B -- Zhao, M -- Gutierrez, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1946-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉OsteoScreen, 2040 Babcock Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. mundy@uthscsa.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Lovastatin/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Osteoblasts/*drug effects/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/drug effects ; Osteogenesis/*drug effects ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Ovariectomy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Simvastatin/*pharmacology ; Skull ; Transfection ; *Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Correlations between ground and excited state spectra of a quantum Dot (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-05
    Description: The ground and excited state spectra of a semiconductor quantum dot with successive electron occupancy were studied with linear and nonlinear magnetoconductance measurements. A direct correlation was observed between the mth excited state of the N-electron system and the ground state of the (N + m)-electron system for m up to 4. The results are consistent with a single-particle picture in which a fixed spectrum of energy levels is successively filled, except for a notable absence of spin degeneracy. Further departures from the single-particle picture due to electron-electron interaction were also observed. Magnetoconductance fluctuations of ground states show anticrossings where wave function characteristics are exchanged between adjacent levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart -- Sprinzak -- Marcus -- Duruoz -- Harris Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 5;278(5344):1784-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. R. Stewart, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. D. Sprinzak, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9388178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical exchange reaction in (Ga, In)As during migration-enhanced epitaxy (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 6357-6358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We formulate a kinetic description of the vertical exchange reaction in which Ga replaces In during migration enhanced epitaxy of GaAs on InAs. Considering the Ga deposition rate R to be finite rather than infinite, as was done previously, leads to a reinterpretation of experimental results. The kinetic coefficient k as found by comparison with the In concentration profile determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy is found to be 25% greater at 500 °C, cycle time of 5 s and R=〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12 s−1 than that found earlier. The probability of an In atom being replaced by a newly deposited Ga atom, which depends on the details of the Ga deposition schedule, is determined and found to be identical, 98%, for these conditions to that found earlier. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366528
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron mediated photodesorption: A time-dependent approach applied to NO/Pt(111) (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 8235-8248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-dependent quantum wave packets have been used in a model calculation to investigate the substrate-mediated photodesorption of a molecule from a metal surface. A "hot'' electron, generated in the substrate by an absorbed photon, temporarily resonates in an unoccupied molecular orbital. This results in a new set of forces, and if the electron spends sufficient time in the resonance, then on returning to the electronic ground state the molecule will have acquired sufficient energy to desorb. Rather than modeling the excitation and relaxation steps independently, we treat the motion of the molecule and the hot electron on an equal footing. We have studied the dynamics on potential energy surfaces (PESs) explicitly including both the electronic and nuclear coordinates. PES parameters were chosen to model NO desorption from Pt where it has been suggested that the excited state is attractive. The desorption probability has been calculated as a function of hot electron energy and photon energy for different potential topologies. We show that observable desorption is possible for short resonance lifetimes (∼1 fs) and moderate excited state potential gradients. Also presented are the translational energy distributions of the desorbing molecules. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469234
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and feeding of white steenbras, Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier) (Sparidae), under experimental culture conditions (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Growth and feeding of white steenbras, Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier). under culture conditions was determined to assess its suitability for mariculture. Ration size ranged from 4.50% to 11.52% and from 1.67% 4.00% dry body weight for small (28 ± 2 g) and large (250 ± 23 g) fish, respectively. Condition factor (K) ranged from 1.19 to 1.35 and from 2.00 to 2.19 for small and large fish, respectively. Specific growth rate (SGR) at 16°C was 0.60% day−1 for 28-g fish, 0.29% day−1 for a 74-g fish, and 0.19% day−1 for a 250-g fish. Gross conversion efficiency (GCE) was inefficient at high feeding levels (21.3%) compared with low feeding levels (32.6%). Proximate body composition in terms of moisture, protein. lipid, ash and energy were not significantly affected by feeding regime or temperature (P 〉 0.05).The experiments indicate that feeding regimes should be maintained at relatively low levels to obtain optimum K, GCE and SGR, and to avoid over-feeding and food wastage. It was concluded that L. lithognathus could be a suitable candidate for mariculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00920.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen excretion and absorption efficiencies of white steenbras, Lithognathus lithognathus CuvieSparidae, under experimental culture conditions (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The various components of the nitrogen budget of white steenbras,Lithognathus lithognathus Cuvier (Sparidae), were determined under experimental culture conditions. A simple closed system respirometer was used where experiments were conducted to investigate faecal prodution, nitrogen excretion rates and absorption efficiencies at 16C and 20C. Faecal loss, as a percentage of the ingested nitrogen, amounted to 3.59%. Gross, carbon and nitrogen absorption efficiencies ranged from 8 6 to 9 8 % and were not significantly affected by fish size, ration size or temperature (P 〈 0.05). Net protein utilization (NPU) and the biological value (BV) ranged from 78 to95%. Ammonia and urea constituted 77.93 and 10.07%, respectively, of the total exogenous nitrogen excretion, the balance being made up of other dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Endogenous ammonia excretion rates were significantly greater in small fish compared to large fish (P 〈 0.05). Total non-faecal losses as a percentage of the ingested ration amounted to 21.86%. Fish size and ration size increased nitrogen excretion, but temperature had no effect. Maintenance rations were 7.55 mg g-1 dry weight day-1 (0.76%dry body weight) and 5.99 mgg-1 (0.60% dry body weight) for small and large fish, respectively. The high absorption efficiencies and high nitrogen indicated that white steenbras utilize the commercial trout pellet diet very efficiently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb00965.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of 3-Substitution on the Structures of Pyrrole-2-carbaldehydes (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270197014649
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Methylsulfanylmethylene Derivatives of Meldrum's Acid (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 234-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270197014170
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,4,7-Triazatricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]decane at 100 K (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 738-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194009546
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of the hydrogen-bond acceptor properties of nitrogen with the geometry of the Nsp2→Nsp3 transition in R1(X=)C–NR2R3 substructures: reaction pathway for the protonation of nitrogen (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1068-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768195004800
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