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  • 1
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The α-amylase from Tenebrio molitor larvae (TMA) has been crystallized in complex with the α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) from the bean Phaseolus vulgaris. A molecular-replacement solution of the structure was obtained using the refined pig pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) and α-AI atomic coordinates as starting models. The structural analysis showed that although TMA has the typical structure common to α-amylases, large deviations from the mammalian α-amylase models occur in the loops. Despite these differences in the interacting loops, the bean inhibitor is still able to inhibit both the insect and mammalian α-amylase.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 144 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Incubation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. smegmatis cells with the sugar components of their surface-exposed glycans demonstrated that d-arabinose, but not α-d-glucose or d-mannose, led to the dispersion of the large clumps formed by the bacilli in stationary liquid cultures. These results confirm the presence of arabinose-containing glycans on the mycobacterial cell surface and demonstrate the implication of selective sugars in cell aggregation, suggesting that the clumping of mycobacterial cells is probably mediated by lectin-carbohydrate interactions.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: bark proteins ; cDNA cloning ; lectin ; Sophora japonica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract cDNA clones encoding the bark and seed lectins from Sophora japonica were isolated and their sequences analyzed. Screening of a cDNA library constructed from polyA RNA isolated from the bark resulted in the isolation of three different lectin cDNA clones. The first clone encodes the GalNAc-specific bark lectin which was originally described by Hankins et al. whereas the other clones encode the two isoforms of the mannose/glucose-specific lectin reported by Ueno et al.. Molecular cloning of the seed lectin genes revealed that Sophora seeds contain only a GalNAc-specific lectin which is highly homologous to though not identical with the GalNAc-specific lectin from the bark. All lectin polypeptides are translated from mRNAs of ca. 1.3 kb encoding a precursor carrying a signal peptide. In the case of the mannose/glucose-specific bark lectins this precursor is post-translationally processed in two smaller peptides. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the different clones revealed striking sequence similarities between the mannose/glucose-binding and the GalNAc-specific lectins. Furthermore, there was a high degree of sequence homology with other legume lectins which allowed molecular modelling of the Sophora lectins using the coordinates of the Pisum sativum, Lathyrus ochrus and Erythrina corallodendron lectins.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Allium ; Garlic ; lectin ; tissue specific expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two novel lectins were isolated from roots and leaves of garlic. Characterization of the purified proteins indicated that the leaf lectin ASAL is a dimer of two identical subunits of 12 kDa, which closely resembles the leaf lectins from onion, leek and shallot with respect to its molecular structure and agglutination activity. In contrast, the root lectin ASARI, which is a dimer of subunits of 15 kDa, strongly differs from the leaf lectin with respect to its agglutination activity. cDNA cloning of the leaf and root lectins revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of ASAL and ASARI are virtually identical. Since both lectins have identical N-terminal sequences the larger Mr of the ASARI subunits implies that the root lectin has an extra sequence at its C-terminus. These results not only demonstrate that virtually identical precursor polypeptides are differently processed at their C-terminus in roots and leaves but also indicate that differential processing yields mature lectins with strongly different biological activities. Further screening of the cDNA library for garlic roots also yielded a cDNA clone encoding a protein composed of two tandemly arrayed lectin domains. Since the presumed two-domain root lectin has not been isolated yet, its possible relationship to the previously described two-domain bulb lectin could not be studied at the protein level.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: bark proteins ; Cladrastis lutea ; cDNA cloning ; lectin ; lectin-related protein ; yellow wood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using a combination of cDNA cloning and protein purification it is demonstrated that bark of yellow wood (Cladrastis lutea) contains two mannose/glucose binding lectins and a lectin-related protein which is devoid of agglutination activity. One of the lectins (CLAI) is the most prominent bark protein. It is built up of four 32 kDa monomers which are post-translationally cleaved into a 15 kDa and a 17 kDa polypeptide. The second lectin (CLAII) is a minor protein, which strongly resembles CLAI except that its monomers are not cleaved into smaller polypeptides. Molecular cloning of the Cladrastis lectin family revealed also the occurrence of a lectin-related protein (CLLRP) which is the second most prominent bark protein. Although CLLRP shows sequence homology to the true lectins, it is devoid of carbohydrate binding activity. Molecular modelling of the three Cladrastis proteins has shown that their three-dimensional structure is strongly related to the three-dimensional models of other legume lectins and, in addition, revealed that the presumed carbohydrate binding site of CLLRP is disrupted by an insertion of three extra amino acids. Since it is demonstrated for the first time that a lectin and a noncarbohydrate binding lectin-related protein are the two most prominent proteins in the bark of a tree, the biological meaning of their simultaneous occurrence is discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Black locust ; cDNA cloning ; lectin ; Robinia pseudoacacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two lectins were isolated from Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) seeds using affinity chromatography on fetuin-agarose, and ion exchange chromatography on a Neobar CS column. The first lectin, R. pseudoacacia seed agglutinin I, referred to as RPsAI, is a homotetramer of four 34 kDa subunits whereas the second lectin, referred to as RPsAII, is composed of four 29 kDa polypeptides. cDNA clones encoding the polypeptides of RPsAI and RPsAII were isolated and their sequences were determined. Both polypeptides are translated from mRNAs of ca. 1.2 kb encoding a precursor carrying a signal peptide. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the different clones indicates that the 34 and 29 kDa seed lectin polypeptides show 95% sequence identity. In spite of this striking homology, the 29 kDa polypeptide has only one putative glycosylation site whereas the 34 kDa subunit has four of these sites. Carbohydrate analysis revealed that the 34 kDa possesses three carbohydrate chains whereas the 29 kDa polypeptide is only partially glycosylated at one site. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the two seed and three bark lectin polypeptides demonstrated unambiguously that they are encoded by different genes. This implies that five different genes are involved in the control of the expression of the lectins in black locust.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA cloning ; lectin ; lectin-related protein ; Polygonatum multiflorum ; Solomon's seal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The most prominent protein ofPolygonatum multiflorum (common Solomon's seal) rhizomes has been identified as a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of the purified lectin demonstrated that it is a tetramer of four identical subunits of 14 kDa. Molecular cloning further revealed that the lectin from this typical Liliaceae species belongs to the superfamily of monocot mannose-binding proteins. Screening of cDNA libraries constructed with RNA isolated from buds, leaves and flowers ofP. multiflorum also yielded cDNA clones encoding a protein, which contains two tandemly arranged domains with an obvious sequence homology to the mannose-binding lectins. Molecular modelling of thePolygonatum lectin and lectin-related protein indicated that the three-dimensional structure of both proteins strongly resembles that of the snowdrop lectin. In addition, this approach suggested that the presumed carbohydrate-binding sites of the lectin can accommodate a mannose residue whereas most of the carbohydratebinding sites of the lectin-related protein cannot.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: sweet proteins ; lectins ; curculin ; molecular modelling ; docking ; epitopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A three-dimensional model of curculin, a sweet-tasting and taste-modifying protein from the fruits of Curculigo latifolia, was built from the X-ray coordinates of GNA, a mannose-binding lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis). The three mannose-binding sites present in GNA were found in curculin but are devoid of mannose-binding activity as shown by docking experiments performed with mannose. Some regions well exposed on the surface of the three-dimensional model of curculin could act as epitopes responsible for the sweet-tasting properties of this protein.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: comitin ; mannose-binding specificity ; molecular modelling ; Dictyostelium discoideum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The N-terminal core domain of comitin from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has been modelled from the X-ray coordinates of the monocot mannose-binding lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis). Docking experiments performed on the three-dimensional model showed that two of the three mannose-binding sites of the comitin monomer are functional. They are located at both ends of the comitin dimer whereas the actin-interacting region occurs in the central hinge region where both monomers are non covalently associated. This distribution is fully consistent with the bifunctional character of comitin which is believed to link the Golgi vesicles exhibiting mannosylated membrane glycans to the actin cytoskeleton in the cell.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; genome ; kinase ; lectin ; receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An Arabidopsis cDNA clone that defines a new class of plant serine/threonine receptor kinases was found to be a member of a family of four clustered genes (lecRK-a1–a4) which have been cloned, sequenced and mapped on chromosome 3. This family belongs to a large superfamily encoding putative receptors with an extracellular domain homologous to legume lectins and appears to be conserved at least among dicots. In the Columbia ecotype only the lecRK-a1 and perhaps the lecRK-a3 gene is functional, since lecRK-a2 is disrupted by a Ty-copia retroelement and lecRK-a4 contains a frameshift mutation. Structural analysis of the lecRK-a1 and lecRK-a3 deduced amino-acid sequences suggests that the lectin domain is unlikely to be involved in binding monosaccharides but could interact with complex glycans and/or with hydrophobic ligands. Immunodetection of lecRK gene products in plasma membranes purified by free-flow electrophoresis showed that the lecRK-a proteins are probably highly glycosylated integral plasma membrane components.
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