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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1995-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1612-4758
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-4766
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Zonocerus variegatus ; grasshoppers ; Metarhizium flavoviride ; entomopathogenic fungus ; microbial control ; incubation time ; field trial ; mortality ; population reduction ; spore residue ; dispersal ; immigration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A field trial was conducted using an oil formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium flavoviride Gams & Rozyspal (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), to control the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus L. (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). The influence of dispersal and secondary pick-up from the spray residue on mortality was assessed by sampling insects from the treated plots at intervals and monitoring disease levels during subsequent incubation in the laboratory. The cumulative mortality curves showed the pathogen to be highly effective, even in samples taken 8 days after spraying. A model was developed to link the influence of mortality, incubation, secondary pick-up of spores and insect dispersal, on the shape of these cumulative mortality curves. The model proved useful for data received from an experiment using small plot sizes, where insect dispersal is a big problem. The spray residue had an important influence on overall insect mortality. The model also indicated a difference in speed of kill between field and laboratory samples, suggesting an incubation delay in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Drei verschiedene Niemprodukte wurden auf ihre fraßabschreckende Wirkung auf die rote WanderheuschreckeNomadacris septemfasciata in einem Maisfeld im Südwesten Madagaskars überprüft. Ein einfacher Wasserextrakt aus 50 g gemahlenen Niemsamen pro Liter wurde in zwei Applikationsvolumina (200 l und 600 l pro ha) gespritzt. Eine angereicherte Niem-ULV-Formulierung wurde mit Hilfe eines ULV-Spritzgerätes bei 2 l/ha appliziert. Fünf kg aus Niempreßkuchen hergestellter Puder pro ha wurde ebenfalls ausgebracht. Alle 4 Behandlungen schützten den Mais mindestens für 5 Tage vor Fraßschäden durchN. septemfasciata. Der Wasserextrakt verminderte den Befall über 7 Tage und die Niem-ULV-Formulierung über 9 Tage signifikant. Der leicht herzustellende Wasserextrakt könnte ein für die Maisbauern geeignetes Mittel sein, um ihre Felder vor dem Befall vonN. septemfasciata wirksam zu schützen. Da es auf Grund ihrer Biologie viel einfacher ist, mitN. septemfasciata als mit der taxonomisch sehr eng verwandten Wüstenheuschrecke (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) zu arbeiten, eignet sichN. septemfasciata hervorragend als Modellorganismus für Versuche mit Niemprodukten im Freiland.
    Notes: Abstract The repellent effect of 3 different neem formulations was tested on red locust,Nomadacris septemfasciata Serv., in a maize field in the southwest of madagascar. A simple water extract from neem seed kernels (200 l and 600 l per ha), an enriched neem ULV-formulation (2 l per ha) and a dust, prepared on the base of neem seed cake (5 kg per ha) were applied. All four treatment provided protection from attack for at least five days. The water extract was significantly active until 7 days, the neem-ULV-formulation until 9 days after treatment. The application of neem seed kernel water extract could be a simple means for Malagasy farmers to protect their fields against red locust. N. septemfaxciata is a very interesting test organism because it is much easier to work with this species compared to the taxonomical closely related desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.).
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