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  • 1
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    Ultrasensitive isotope trace analyses with a magneto-optical trap (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: Laser manipulation of neutral atoms has been used to count individual krypton-85 and krypton-81 atoms present in a natural krypton gas sample with isotopic abundances in the range of 10(-11) and 10(-13), respectively. This method of isotope trace analysis is free of contamination from other isotopes and elements and can be applied to several different isotope tracers for a wide range of applications. The demonstrated detection efficiency is 1 x 10(-7). System improvements could increase the efficiency by many orders of magnitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen -- Li -- Bailey -- O'Connor -- Young -- Lu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1139-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics Division, and Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: An RNA virus, designated hepatitis G virus (HGV), was identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. Extension from an immunoreactive complementary DNA clone yielded the entire genome (9392 nucleotides) encoding a polyprotein of 2873 amino acids. The virus is closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C) and distantly related to hepatitis C virus, GBV-A, and GBV-B. HGV was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. Persistent viremia was detected for up to 9 years in patients with hepatitis. The virus is transfusion-transmissible. It has a global distribution and is present within the volunteer blood donor population in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linnen, J -- Wages, J Jr -- Zhang-Keck, Z Y -- Fry, K E -- Krawczynski, K Z -- Alter, H -- Koonin, E -- Gallagher, M -- Alter, M -- Hadziyannis, S -- Karayiannis, P -- Fung, K -- Nakatsuji, Y -- Shih, J W -- Young, L -- Piatak, M Jr -- Hoover, C -- Fernandez, J -- Chen, S -- Zou, J C -- Morris, T -- Hyams, K C -- Ismay, S -- Lifson, J D -- Hess, G -- Foung, S K -- Thomas, H -- Bradley, D -- Margolis, H -- Kim, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genelabs Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; Chronic Disease ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Flaviviridae/genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis Viruses/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Viruses/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Viral/blood/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; United States/epidemiology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viremia/epidemiology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Childhood cancer (1995)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0008-543X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0142
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Cancer Society.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance Modeling of ServerNet™ SAN Topologies (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 14 (1999), S. 19-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: performance analysis ; scalable network ; scalability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a performance analysis of ServerNet SAN, a new system area network architecture developed by Tandem Computers. The paper focuses on three main topics: a brief description of the ServerNet SAN architecture and the simulation tool, the basis for modeling assumptions, and the initial results of the performance and scalability analysis. The ServerNet SAN is a new core technology for server architectures that focuses on moving data. The analysis uses simulation to obtain performance characteristics such as delivery time, throughput, and hot spot identification. The goal of the analysis is to provide a realistic measure of current system performance, while optimizing features such as network topology and traffic patterns to provide future improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008195113125
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in Peromyscus maniculatus sampled near an abandoned copper mine (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of zinc, copper, and cadmium were determined in soil and liver, kidney, bone and stomach contents of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) from two sites near an abandoned mine and one control site, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Soil concentrations of copper were significantly elevated at the mine and off site vs the reference site. In contrast, there was no difference in soil cadmium and zinc concentrations between the mine and reference site. Concentrations of copper, cadmium and zinc in livers of mice from the mine site were significantly elevated relative to the reference and off site locations. Cadmium kidney concentrations tended to be greater in mice from the mine versus the off site and reference site. No differences in bone cadmium, copper and zinc and, kidney copper and zinc concentrations were noted among mice from the three locations. Diet of mice from mine and off sites contained significantly greater copper concentrations than the reference population; no differences in cadmium or zinc diet concentrations in mice from the three sites were noted. Comparison of ratios of metal concentrations in diet:soil and concentrations in liver:soil suggest that for zinc and copper, soil and diet are of equal importance as a source of metal contamination to these mice. In contrast, cadmium diet:soil and cadmium liver:soil ratios were much greater than one indicative of bioconcentration of cadmium from soil to diet and from soil to liver. For assessing routes of metal exposure, in this case for deer mice inhabiting an abandoned mine site, for copper and zinc, soil will most likely be indicative of exposure conditions. In contrast, concentrations of cadmium in diet will be more representative of amounts that the animal is potentially ingesting. Of further importance is that relative to reference sites, mice inhabiting an abandoned copper mine site have significantly elevated tissue levels of copper. This is turn will provide a route of metal exposure to canivorous birds such as owls and hawks. The toxicological significance of this exposure to birds of prey has yet to be assessed adequately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213399
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium Concentrations in Peromyscus maniculatus Sampled Near an Abandoned Copper Mine (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Concentrations of zinc, copper, and cadmium were determined in soil and liver, kidney, bone and stomach contents of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) from two sites near an abandoned mine and one control site, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Soil concentrations of copper were significantly elevated at the mine and off site vs the reference site. In contrast, there was no difference in soil cadmium and zinc concentrations between the mine and reference site. Concentrations of copper, cadmium and zinc in livers of mice from the mine site were significantly elevated relative to the reference and off site locations. Cadmium kidney concentrations tended to be greater in mice from the mine versus the off site and reference site. No differences in bone cadmium, copper and zinc and, kidney copper and zinc concentrations were noted among mice from the three locations. Diet of mice from mine and off sites contained significantly greater copper concentrations than the reference population; no differences in cadmium or zinc diet concentrations in mice from the three sites were noted. Comparison of ratios of metal concentrations in diet:soil and concentrations in liver:soil suggest that for zinc and copper, soil and diet are of equal importance as a source of metal contamination to these mice. In contrast, cadmium diet:soil and cadmium liver:soil ratios were much greater than one indicative of bioconcentration of cadmium from soil to diet and from soil to liver. For assessing routes of metal exposure, in this case for deer mice inhabiting an abandoned mine site, for copper and zinc, soil will most likely be indicative of exposure conditions. In contrast, concentrations of cadmium in diet will be more representative of amounts that the animal is potentially ingesting. Of further importance is that relative to reference sites, mice inhabiting an abandoned copper mine site have significantly elevated tissue levels of copper. This is turn will provide a route of metal exposure to carnivorous birds such as owls and hawks. The toxicological significance of this exposure to birds of prey has yet to be assessed adequately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Accumulation of Cadmium by the Yellow Pond Lily, Nuphar variegatum, in Ontario Peatlands (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1997), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cadmium concentrations of a common macrophyte, the yellow pond lily (Nuphar variegatum) were investigated from peatlands with a range in pH (4.4–6.3), alkalinity (0–181 μeq/L Ca), DOC (5.1–16.8 mg/L), and sediment organic content (20–88%). Cd concentrations in Nuphar ranged from 0.3 to 1.51 μg/g in the leaves and from 0.46 to 1.51 μg/g in the petioles, and was significantly higher in the petioles than in the leaves (p = 0.014; t-Test). Significant and negative correlations between Nuphar leaf Cd and pH (r2= 0.76; p 〈 0.001), alkalinity (r2= 0.41; p = 0.034), and DOC (r2= 0.46; p = 0.022) were obtained. In addition, a significant and negative correlation was found between Nuphar petiole Cd and pH (r2= 0.46; p = 0.023). These results indicate that the leaves of Nuphar found in peatlands of low pH, low alkalinity, and low DOC, and the petioles of Nuphar found in peatlands of low pH are more susceptible to accumulating potentially toxic levels of Cd. The organic content of the peatland sediments was not significantly correlated with either the leaf or petiole Cd concentration. Nuphar is an important food source for many wetland animals; any Cd that is present in these plants may be passed onto other trophic levels because diet is considered to be the major source of Cd to animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900169
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of 109Cd from Natural Sediments by the Blue Mussel Mytilus trossulus in Relation to Sediment Nutritional and Geochemical Composition (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine if trace metal bioavailability from suspended particulate matter (SPM) and recently deposited lake sediment (LS) to the filter-feeding bivalve Mytilus trossulus was dependent on the nutritional content and/or the geochemistry of the sediment. For SPM these characteristics are seasonally dependent; for LS they are dependent on lake chemistry and trophic status. To meet this objective, SPM was sampled from the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia, Canada, during Winter (March), spring (April, May), and summer (June, July) months. Deposited LS was sampled from an acidic dystrophic and a circumneutral, oligotrophic lake. Sediments were labeled with 109Cd, fed to M. trossulus and the amount of 109Cd accumulated over a 4-h feeding period assessed. Simultaneous extraction (separation of the sediment into easily reducible, reducible, and organic sediment components) of the radiolabeled sediments indicated that 109Cd associated with the inorganic, not the organic portion of sediment. The amount of 109Cd accumulated by the mussel over the 4-h feeding period was dependent on sediment %carbon (%C) and %nitrogen (%N) content (R2 = 0.75 and 0.52, respectively, for SPM and R2 = 0.76 and 0.64 for LS, respectively), and not on sediment concentrations of easily reducible manganese or reducible iron. These findings suggest that mussels obtain 109Cd from the inorganic portion of sediment as a consequence of digestive processes that are selecting for the carbon and nitrogen component of sediment. Hence, accumulation of cadmium from sediment will be dependent on sediment %C, and to a lesser extent %N content; however, amounts that the organism will be exposed to will depend on concentrations present on the inorganic component. Predictive models of metal accumulation by filter-feeding organisms need to consider the role of both sediment components for predicting amounts of metal that the organisms will bioaccumulate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900473
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of anaerobic microbial processes in chlorobenzoate degradation: nitrate, iron, sulfate and carbonate as electron acceptors (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 929-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The utilization of monochlorobenzoate isomers (2-, 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate) by anaerobic microbial consortia in River Nile sediments was systematically evaluated under denitrifying, Fe-reducing, sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions. Loss of all three chlorobenzoates was noted in denitrifying cultures; furthermore, the initial utilization of chlorobenzoates was fastest under denitrifying conditions. Loss of 3-chlorobenzoate was seen under all four reducing conditions and the degradation of chlorobenzoates was coupled stoichiometrically to NO- 3 loss, Fe2+ production, SO2- 4 loss or CH4 production, indicating that the chlorobenzoates were oxidized to CO2. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of halogenated aromatic degradation coupled to Fe reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050507
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of anaerobic microbial processes in chlorobenzoate degradation: Nitrate, iron, sulfate and carbonate as electron acceptors (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 929-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The utilization of monochlorobenzoate isomers (2-, 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate) by anaerobic microbial consortia in River Nile sediments was systematically evaluated under denitrifying, Fe-reducing, sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions. Loss of all three chlorobenzoates was noted in denitrifying cultures; furthermore, the initial utilization of chlorobenzoates was fastest under denitrifying conditions. Loss of 3-chlorobenzoate was seen under all four reducing conditions and the degradation of chlorobenzoates was coupled stoichiometrically to NO inf3 sup− loss Fe2+ production, SO inf4 sup2− loss or CH4 production, indicating that the chlorobenzoates were oxidized to CO2. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of halogenated aromatic degradation coupled to Fe reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431930
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