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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron acoustic imaging of BaTiO3 single crystals (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1916-1918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning electron acoustic microscopy (SEAM) has been used in the observation of ferroelectric domain configurations in barium titanate single crystals. The contribution to the image contrasts is related to signal generation through a piezoelectric coupling mechanism. The results prove that SEAM really has the ability to show not only the surface shape and domain structures but also the subsurface domain structures. Furthermore, SEAM is a convenient, fast and nondestructive way of observing the ferroelectric domains compared with other methods. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of an imaging plate as an x-ray area detector used for plane-wave x-ray diffraction topography (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4487-4491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report the linearity, spatial resolution, and granularity of x-ray intensity images recorded on imaging plates (IPs). The IP-processing system, designed for use with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), was used to evaluate the influence of these characteristics on profiles of local lattice distortion in silicon obtained by plane-wave x-ray diffraction topography (PWT). The signal intensity was linear with x-ray doses over four orders of magnitude of intensity, as has also been reported in the case of TEM. The modulation transfer function and root mean square of x-ray intensity images were measured to evaluate the spatial resolution and granularity. The results indicate that profiles of lattice distortion with a period of more than 0.5 mm can be reproduced by PWT in combination with the present IP-processing system. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146420
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for time-resolved x-ray diffraction measurements in the single-bunch operation applied to laser annealing : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1419-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We propose a new technique that is applicable to the time-resolved measurement of deformation on silicon surface during pulsed laser annealing in the single-bunch operation of the Photon Factory. There is a distribution of delay times between the activation of external trigger and the laser firing (the jitters) in the external trigger operation of laser equipment. This time distribution clearly makes the time-resolved measurement inaccurate. To overcome this disadvantage, a time-resolved measurement system that utilizes this time distribution has been developed. This system was composed of two TACs. The time distribution of the bunch (event number) and the time distribution of the intensity of the x rays diffracted from the silicon surface were measured. The respective signals were then accumulated in MCA1 and MCA2. The time course of the diffraction intensity before and after the laser irradiation was obtained by normalizing the time distribution of the intensity of the diffracted x rays with the time distribution of the event number. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145927
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphide minerals in early Archean chemical sedimentary rocks of the eastern Pilbara district, Western Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 64 (1998), S. 219-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Auftreten und die Paragenese von Sulfiden in chemischen Sedimentgesteinen der McPhee und der Towers Formation der Warrawoona Gruppe, östlicher Pilbara Block, wurden untersucht, um das sedimentäre Milieu im Archaikum besser abschätzen zu können. Die chemisch-sedimentäre Fazies beider Formationen besteht aus Chert- oder Chert-Karbonat-Einheiten, die hochgradig an detritärem Material verarmt sind. Die Cherts bestehen aus mikrokristallinem Quartz, der beträchtliche Mengen an syngenetischen bzw. syndiagenetischen Sulfiden enthält. Vor allem die Cherts der Towers Formation (North Pole Chert, Marble Bar Chert) führen Pyrit, Kupferkies, Zinkblende, monoklinen Magnetkies, Pentlandit, Gersdorffit und Millerit als primäre Sulfide. Diese Vergesellschaftung und die gemessenen FeS-Gehalte der mit den Fe-Sulfiden assoziierten Zinkblende (8.4–10.4 Mol%), weisen darauf hin, daß die Cherts unter reduzierenden Bedingungen bei Temperaturen unter 200°C entstanden sind und daß die Matamorphosetemperatur 325 °C nicht überschritten hat. Das Fehlen detritärer Sedimentkomponenten und die Spurenelementzusammensetzungen lassen darauf schließen, daß die Cherts im östlichen Pilbara Block durch rasche Ausfällung aus reduzierenden hydrothermalen Lösungen entstanden sind.
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and paragenesis of sulphide minerals in chemical sedimentary rocks from the McPhee and the Towers Formations of the Warrawoona Group, eastern Pilbara Craton were examined, in order to evaluate the Archean sedimentary environment. The chemical sedimentary facies of both formations are comprised of chert or chertcarbonate units, which are highly depleted in detrital materials. The cherty rocks are mostly composed of microcrystalline quartz, containing significant types of syndepositional (or diagenetic) sulphide minerals. In particular, the cherty rocks in the Towers Formation (North Pole Chert, Marble Bar Chert) include primary sulphide minerals, such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, monoclinic pyrrhotite, pentlandite, gersdorffite and millerite. This assemblage and the measured FeS content (8.4–10.4 mol%) of sphalerite associated with the Fe-sulphide minerals suggest that the cherty rocks were formed under reducing conditions at temperatures below 200°C (about 150°C), and also that the metamorphic temperature of the rocks was less than 325 °C. Furthermore, the virtual absence of detrital materials and the minor element compositions imply that the cherty rocks of the eastern Pilbara Block were formed by rapid precipitation from reducing hydrothermal solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01226570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular phylogeny of vestimentiferans collected around Japan, revealed by the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 127 (1997), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic relationships among local populations of undescribed vestimentiferan species that belong to the genera Lamellibrachia and Escarpia and had been collected at six sites around Japan were analyzed on the basis of the partial (1023 bp) nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase I (COI), using a pogonophoran and a polychaete as outgroups. The identical amino acid sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence obtained from each of the vestimentiferans analyzed. The strong similarity among deduced amino acid sequences of COI suggested a close relationship between vestimentiferans and pogonophorans. On the basis of the phylogenetic relationships, the analyzed vestimentiferan populations were classified tentatively as five species. The genetic differentiation of vestimentiferans was suggested to occur bathymetrically as well as being a consequence of horizontal segregation. Two of these tentatively identified species inhabit both a hydrothermal area and a cold seep area, as is the case for some species of bivalves that belong to the genera Bathymodiolus and Calyptogena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships among species of Calyptogena (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) collected around Japan revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genes (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among the seven species of deep-sea giant clams Calyptogena (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) collected around Japan were examined using parts of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome oxidase III (COIII) and the encoded amino acid sequences. The seven species were C. soyoae (Sagami Bay), C. fausta (Suruga Bay), C. kaikoi (Nankai Trough), C. nautilei (Nankai Trough), C. phaseoliformis (Japan Trench), C. solidissima (Minami-Ensei Knoll, Okinawa Trough) and Calyptogena sp. (Iheya Ridge, Okinawa Trough). A clear phylogenetic split was observed between one group of three species (C. kaikoi, C. phaseoliformis and C. fausta) and the remaining species. This clustering corresponds to the two previously described subgenera within the genus Calyptogena (Calyptogean and Ectenagena) with the exception of the placement of C. nautilei, which had been placed in the subgenus Ectenagena. Genetic distances between two haplotypes of C. soyoae were 0.043 for the COI region and 0.055 for the COIII region, and three amino acid substitutions were detected with the COIII region. Calyptogena sp. from the Iheya Ridge could be distinguished from one of the two haplotypes (type A) of C. soyoae by only a single nucleotide substitution, a result that suggests that Calyptogena sp. of the Iheya Ridge diverged from C. soyoae after the two haplotypes had diverged, and it is now isolated from C. soyoae in Sagami Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350872
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calorimetric and Dielectric Investigations of Glass Transition in Intermediate Glass-forming Liquid (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 57 (1999), S. 687-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: Adam-Gibbs theory ; dielectric relaxation ; glass transition ; MDSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The calorimetric glass transition and dielectric dynamics of α-relaxation in propylene glycol (PG) and its five oligomers (polypropylene glycol, PPG) have been investigated by the modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and the broadband dielectric spectroscopy. From the temperature dependence of heat capacity of PPGs, it is clarified that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the glass transition region are affected by the heating rate. The kinetic changes of PG and PPGs near Tg strongly depend on the underlying heating rate. With increasing the molecular mass of PPGs, the fragility derived from the relaxation time against temperature also increases. The PG monomer is stronger than its oligomers, PPGs, because of the larger number density of the —OH end group which tends to construct the intermolecular network structure. Adam-Gibbs (AG) theory could still hold for MDSC results due to the fact that the dielectric relaxation time can be related to the configurational entropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010140730325
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species Difference in the Disposition of Liposomes Among Mice, Rats, and Rabbits: Allometric Relationship and Species Dependent Hepatic Uptake Mechanism (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1049-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: liposome ; species difference ; pharmacokinetics ; drug delivery system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The species difference in the pharmacokinetics of liposomes was investigated in mice, rats and rabbits. Methods. Liposomes were intravenously injected at doses of 1, 10 and 100 (nmol/g body weight), and the time courses of liposomes in blood, liver and spleen were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were regressed as a function of body weight (BW) and dose of liposomes (D). The uptake mechanism of liposomes was also examined with the isolated perfused liver between rats and mice. Results. Mean residence time increased with the increase of BW and D of liposomes. This increase of mean residence time resulted from the decreased total body clearance, which was principally explained by the species difference in the hepatic uptake clearance (CLh) of liposomes. The parameter CLh was regressed well by a multiple regression as a function of BW and D. In this analysis, an exponent for BW was around 0.5, which clearly indicates that smaller animals have higher uptake clearance per unit BW. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the density of Kupffer cells among these species. This suggest that the species difference in CLh resulted not from the density of Kupffer cells but from the uptake ability of Kupffer cells amoung species. In the isolated perfused liver, the hepatic uptake of liposomes was mainly explained by opsonin dependent uptake in rats, while opsonin independent uptake in mice. Conclusions. These quantitative and qualitative information on the species difference of liposome disposition will provide an useful information for constructing a drug delivery system using liposomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016058724452
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and characterization of Drosophila genes encoding small GTPases of the rab and rho families (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 254 (1997), S. 486-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsDrosophila melanogaster  ;  Small GTPases rab  ;  rho  ;  rac
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated eight genes from Drosophila, small GTPases. They can be classified into three rab family genes (Drab2, Drab5, Drab11) and five rho family genes (Drac1a, Drac1b, Drac3, Dcdc42, DrhoA). While Drac3 is a novel type of rac gene, others are homologues of known mammalian genes for small GTPases. Northern blot analyses showed that all the genes are expressed throughout all developmental stages from embryo to adult. In situ hybridization to embryos revealed that Drab2, Drac1b, and Drac3 are highly expressed in the nervous system, in the trunk mesoderm, and in the cephalic mesoderm, respectively. Since hemocytes are derived from the cephalic mesoderm, we carried out double stainings using a hemocyte marker – anti-peroxidasin antibody – and Drac3 in situ hybridization. We found that Drac3 is expressed in hemocyte precursor cells. In the Drac3 deficiency embryos, the hemocyte precursor cells start to differentiate normally, but never develop into mature hemocytes, indicating that Drac3 is essential for their maturation. The DrhoA and Dcdc42 genes complemented S. cerevisiae rho1 and cdc42 mutations in the same manner as human rhoA and CDC42, respectively. These results suggest functional similarity between Drosophila and mammalian small GTPase genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecosystem types of boreal forest in the North Klondike River Valley, Yukon Territory, Canada, and their productivity potentials (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 39 (1996), S. 265-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation, environmental characteristics, and forest productivity were studied in the boreal forest in the North Klondike River Valley, Yukon Territory, Canada. The concept and approach of biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification were followed. For the treed vegetation, five ecosystem types were distinguished based on vegetation structure and physical and chemical properties of soils. They were: 1) spruce-lichen type, 2) spruce-moss type, 3) spruce-Equisetum type, 4) spruce-willow type, and 5) bog forest type. These types were differentiated mainly by moisture regime and base status of soils. The sequence of the ecosystem types reflected their topographical position from slope summit to valley bottom. The spruce-lichen type developed in the driest and nutritionally impoverished habitats, the spruce-Equisetum type occurred in moist and nutritionally enriched sites, and the spruce-moss type was found in between them. The bog forest type occurred where peat had accumulated sufficiently to generate ombrotrophic conditions in habitats of high water table underlain with permafrost. The spruce-willow type developed along small creeks where substrates were very coarse. Tree growth characteristics were measured, except for the bog forest type that did not have trees over 5 m tall. Total volume of standing trees ranged from 29 to 582 m3/ha, with an overall mean of 216.9 m3/ha. The spruce-Equisetum type exhibited the highest figure, 413.5 m3/ha, while spruce-lichen type the lowest one, 87.7 m3/ha. Mean annual increment ranged from 0.15 to 2.66 m3/ha, with an overall mean of 1.10 m3/ha. A similar tendency was noted for all other forestry characteristics, i.e., the spruce-Equisetum type showed the highest productivity while the spruce-lichen type the lowest. This tendency was considered to be attributed to the availability of moisture and basic cations in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396149
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