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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition and characterization of magnetic Ni-Fe thin films on InP(100) surfaces (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5795-5799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrodeposited magnetic Ni-Fe films are used in storage devices and are applicable as magnetic sensors. In this work, we demonstrate the electrochemical conditions for deposition of permalloy Ni-Fe nanocrystalline films onto InP(100) surfaces. The prepared Ni-Fe films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine surface morphology and by Auger electron spectroscopy for compositional depth profiling. Permalloy films with bulk composition of 81% Ni and 18% Fe were obtained by electrodeposition at −1.2 V (versus standard calomel electrode) in a bath of 0.5 M NiSO4, 0.02 M FeSO4, 0.4 M H3BO3, pH=3. Transmission electron microscopy measurements show that these films consist of fcc Ni-Fe nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix. The films also show good magnetic hysteresis loops, with low coercivity. The magnetic properties of these films are improved by an extended anneal at 100 °C. Interdiffusion occurred between Ni-Fe and the InP substrate after the sample was heated to 300 °C, and consequently a loss of ferromagnetic behavior was observed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359643
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinduced intersubband absorption in Si/SiGe quantum wells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2948-2950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated photoinduced infrared absorption in p-doped Si/SiGe quantum wells. The absorption spectra exhibit two distinct features: free-carrier absorption and intersubband absorption in the valence band. The photoinduced absorption in both p and s polarizations is found to depend on the carrier density and strongly differs from the original absorption of the doped quantum wells. Photoinduced intersubband absorption is attributed to carriers away from the Brillouin zone center. We show that photoinduced intersubband absorption spectroscopy can provide useful information on valence band mixing effects in Si/SiGe quantum wells. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of highly oriented (Hg1−xRex)Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ tape with x∼0.1 (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3177-3179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly oriented HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ on Ni tapes with a buffer layer of Cr/Ag have been successfully prepared with a transition temperature of 130 K and a transport critical–current density of 2.5×104 A/cm2 at 77 K in their self-field. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115816
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization, Quantitation, and Distribution of Anthocyanins and Colorless Phenolics in Sweet Cherries (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 43 (1995), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00050a015
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Langmuir-Blodgett Films Based on a Series of Azo Rare-Earth Coordination Compounds (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 7 (1995), S. 1047-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00054a001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Permalloy thin films electrodeposited on Si(111) surfaces (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7595-7599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrochemical conditions for the direct electroplating of Ni–Fe Permalloy (19% Fe, 81% Ni) thin films onto Si(111) surfaces were determined. The film composition, structure, and magnetic properties were examined by various techniques involving Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements. The Permalloy films consisted of 10–50-nm-diam Ni/Fe nanocrystallites. It was found that the coercivity decreased with increased film thickness. Moderate annealing of the films below 200 °C released stress in the films and led to a decrease in coercivity. Interfacial diffusion occurred after the annealing of films above 300 °C. The Ni–Fe films exhibited bulk properties after the completion of electrodeposition of a buffer layer of thickness 〉20 nm; below this thickness, the films were discontinuous and consisted of separated clusters or islands on the Si surface. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR AND ROOM TEMPERATURE MICROMECHANISMS OF 3Y-TZP CERAMICS AT SUBMICRON AND NANOCRYSTALLINE LEVELS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The cyclic behaviour and micromechanisms of 3Y-TZP ceramics were investigated at a stress ratio, R, of 0.1 and a frequency of 0.1 Hz at room temperature for both nanocrystalline (100nm) and submicron polycrystalline (0.35μm) 3Y-TZP ceramics. The nanocrystalline material displayed cyclic softening, but the submicron polycrystalline material displayed cyclic hardening. The cyclic hardening resulted mainly from saturation of tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation which induced a higher internal stress in the material; the cyclic softening resulted partly from the formation of microcracks along the grain boundary of the tetragonal phase.Superplastic deformation was first found by the Scanning Electron Microscope and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in some micro-areas of the fatigue fracture surface of the nanocrystalline material. Furthermore it was observed by AFM that there were a large number of slip lines and an early stage for the formation of an extrusion on the side edge of the fracture. From this it was deduced that the micromechanism of local superplasticity resulted from the slip motion of dislocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb01036.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of Anthocyanin Pigments from Purple Sunflower Hulls (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The anthocyanin pigments in hulls of purple sunflower seeds were extracted using three solvent systems, 50:1:49 ethanol-acetic acid-water (EAW), 0.01M acetic acid (AAc), or water containing SO2. Solvent, extraction time, size of ground hulls, pH of extracting solvent, hulls/solvent ratio, and concentration of SO2 in water, were investigated. All were significant factors affecting yield of extracted anthocyanins. EAW and SO2 were more effective extractants than AAc. Optimum conditions from response surface optimization for the extraction with sulphurous water were: SO2 at 200 mg/L, hull size 20 mesh, extraction time 5 min at 22°C, and solvent/hulls ratio = 20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb13167.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrolyte wetting effects in the comparative polarization behaviour of the hydrogen evolution reaction at Ni-Mo-Cd electrodes in KF · 2HF and KOH · 2H2O melts (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 6-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the electrolyte process of fluorine production from KF · 2HF melts at 85° C, unusually high polarization arises both at the cell anodes (carbon) and cathodes (mild steel) at moderate current densities. The anomalous polarization behaviour in fluorine evolution at carbon anodes has been extensively studied but much less is known about the origin of hyperpolarization in hydrogen evolution at the cathodes. Here, the results of comparative polarization studies at a Ni-Mo-Cd composite cathode material in a KF · 2HF melt and a corresponding aquo-analogue melt of KOH · 2H2O are reported. Large differences are observed which are attributed to the different wetting characteristics of these two melts at the interface of the Ni-Mo-Cd cathodes that are microporous. Such electrode material also offers a major improvement of cathode polarization over that at mild steel surfaces. Conclusions on wetting effects are based on: (i) a comparative determination of hydrogen-bubble contact angles at the electrode in the two melts and (ii) an evaluation of the double-layer capacitances of the electrode interfaces with the two melts as determined by the fast potential-relaxation method, at short times after current interruption. The apparent double-layer capacitances at a given electrode are very different in the two melts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251258
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arsenic poisoning effects on cathodic polarization and hydrogen adsorption at platinum and steel electrodes in KF · 2HF melts (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 803-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It is demonstrated how the presence of arsenic species in the KF · 2HF melt employed as the electrolyte in fluorine production cells greatly affects the electrocatalytic behaviour of the steel electrodes that are used as cathodes. Effects of the introduction of As2O3, AsF3 and AsF5 as the sources of catalyst poison species have been studied. Such species influence the electrode kinetics of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (h.e.r.) and the adsorption of the overpotential-deposited (o.p.d.) H intermediate. Using Pt, as a model electrocatalyst surface, these effects were quantitatively studied by means of potential-relaxation transients, Tafel relations and cyclic voltammetry, the latter enabling changes of underpotential-deposited C (u.p.d.) H coverage due to the presence of As species to be evaluated. By means of simulation of the potential-relaxation behaviour, information on rate constants, coverages by o.p.d. H and As species were also derived. The presence of As at Pt cathodes suppresses the u.p.d. H adsorption and modifies the o.p.d. H behaviour and the associated pseudocapacitance. The presence and generation of As(−iii) species, as AsH3, in the evolved hydrogen gas was demonstrated by means of Marsh's test. The contact-angles of hydrogen bubbles generated in the h.e.r. at mild-steel electrode surfaces were also determined comparatively in relation to observed sluggish hydrogen bubble detachment from the electrode surfaces when As species were present.Ex situ XPS analysis confirmed the presence of As species on the electrode surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00683742
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