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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme analysis of genetic variation and relationships in diploid and polyploid taxa ofGalium (Rubiaceae) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 202 (1996), S. 121-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Rubiaceae ; Galium ; Allozyme variation ; systematics ; ploidy level ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme variation at 11 loci (with 37 alleles) was studied electrophoretically in seven outbreeding, closely related diploid and tetraploid taxa, seven from sect.Leptogalium and two from sect.Leiogalium. Whereas the sections are clearly distinct by several different alleles, aggregates, species and subspecies differ only in the frequency or presence/absence of common alleles. The resulting dendrogram suggests phylogenetic relationships and is supported by other multidisciplinary evidence. Tetraploids have originated independently in several groups, and there is evidence for tetrasomic inheritance and thus for autopolyploidy in spite of normal meiotic bivalent pairing and partly suspected hybrid origin. Tetraploids differ from related diploids only little in number of alleles and expected heterozygosity within populations, but clearly exhibit higher numbers of genotypes. This often corresponds to their greater morphological variability, increased adaptive flexibility, and better colonizing capacity compared to related diploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985821
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit differentiation, palynology, and systematics in theScabiosa group of genera andPseudoscabiosa (Dipsacaceae) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 216 (1999), S. 135-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Dipsacaceae ; Pseudoscabiosa ; Scabiosa ; Sixalix ; Lomelosia ; Pycnocomon ; Scabiosiopsis ; Tremastelma ; Epicalyx ; fruit anatomy ; evolution ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fruits ofDipsacaceae are single-seeded, have bristle-shaped calyx segments and are tightly enclosed by four fused bracts forming an epicalyx. Comparative morphological and anatomical studies reveal a great diversity of epicalyx and calyx, often relevant to fruit dispersal. The present contribution deals with theScabiosa group of genera, the core of theScabioseae tribe. Most of its taxa develop a diaphragma from a meristem on the inside of the epicalyx. This diaphragma, together with the lower part of the epicalyx encloses the fruit proper, whereas the upper parts form a so-called “epi-diaphragma” (ed) and a ± hyaline corona. Differences of the epicalyx with respect to the size and position of the ed, elaboration of the corona, origin of pits (=foveoles) and other morphological and anatomical specializations can be demonstrated. Together with palynological and karyological data these new facts support an improved concept of relationships and systematics for the taxa studied:Scabiosa sect.Scabiosa and sect.Cyrtostemma are closely related and should be united to form the genusScabiosa s. str.;Pycnocomon can be maintained as an independent genus, sister toScabiosa sect.Trochocephalus which then has to be treated as a genus,Lomelosia. In contrast, the following genera have to be included inLomelosia:Tremastelma asLomelosia sect.Callistemma, andScabiosiopsis as part ofLomelosia sect.Lomelosia. Pseudoscabiosa deviates in so many features that it has to be excluded from the redefinedScabioseae s. str.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescent chromosome banding in the cultivated species ofCapsicum (Solanaceae) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 202 (1996), S. 37-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Solanaceae ; Capsicum ; Karyosystematics ; fluorochrome banding ; heterochromatin differentiation ; karyotype evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fluorochrome chromosome banding is applied for the first time to 15 samples of five cultivatedCapsicum species, all with 2n = 24, and allows a detailed analysis of the karyotypes (Tables 2–3, Fig. 8). Banding patterns differ between cytotypes, species and groups, reflecting the dynamics of chromosomal differentiation and evolutionary divergence. Taxa have from 1 to 4 NOR-bearing satellited chromosome pairs and exhibit increasing numbers of terminal (rarely intercalary and indistinct centromeric) heterochromatic fluorescent bands. Amounts of heterochromatin (expressed in % of karyotype length) increase from the group withC. annuum (1.80–2.88),C. chinense (3.91–5.52), andC. frutescens (5.55) toC. baccatum (7.30–7.56), and finally toC. pubescens (18.95). In all taxa CMA+DAPI—(GC-rich) constitutive heterochromatin dominates, onlyC. pubescens has an additional CMAo DAPI+ (AT-rich) band. The fluorochrome bands generally (but not completely) correspond to the Giemsa C-bands. Structural heterozygosity can be demonstrated but is not prominent. The independent origin of at least three evolutionary lines leading to the cultivated taxa ofCapsicum is supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985817
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITS sequences from nuclear rDNA suggest unexpected phylogenetic relationships between Euro-Mediterranean, East Asiatic and North American taxa ofQuercus (Fagaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 211 (1998), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fagaceae ; Castanea ; Quercus ; Fagus ; Nuclear rDNA ; ITS ; molecular phylogeny ; molecular systematics ; phytogeography ; N Hemisphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the 18S–26S nuclear ribosomal DNA have been studied from ten species ofQuercus (representing four subgenera),Castanea sativa andFagus sylvatica, as a preliminary molecular contribution to the still poorly understood systematics and evolution ofFagaceae. The resulting matrix has been used to calculate pair-wise sequence divergence indices and to construct a maximum parsimony tree forQuercus coding indels as a fifth state. Divergence is greater forQuercus vs.Fagus than forQuercus vs.Castanea. The tree for theQuercus taxa studied reveals two clearly divergent clades. In clade I the evergreen W MediterraneanQ. suber appears in a basal position as sister to more distal deciduous taxa, i.e. the E MediterraneanQ. macrolepis and the E AsiaticQ. acutissima (all formerly united as different sections under the apparently polyphyletic subg.Cerris), andQ. rubra (a representative of the N American subg.Erythrobalanus), forming a pair withQ. acutissima. In clade II the evergreen southeastern N AmericanQ. virginiana is basal and sister to the remaining three branches, i.e. a pair of evergreen Mediterranean taxa withQ. ilex andQ. coccifera (subg.Sclerophyllodrys), the deciduous but otherwise plesiomorphic SE European/SW AsiaticQ. cerris (type species of subg.Cerris), and the related but more apomorphic European pairQ. petraea andQ. robur (subg.Quercus). These results partly conflict with current taxonomic classification but are supported by some anatomical and morphological characters. They document polyphyletic lines from evergreen to deciduous taxa and suggest Tertiary transcontinental connections within the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984917
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome numbers, karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents from perennial polyploid groups ofCerastium (Caryophyllaceae) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 218 (1999), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Caryophyllaceae ; Cerastium ; Chromosome numbers ; nuclear DNA content ; flow cytometry ; Feulgen cytophotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Somatic chromosome numbers have been determined for the followingCerastium taxa:C. eriophorum (2n = 36),C. alpinum (2n = 72),C. transsylvanicum (2n = 108),C. arcticum (2n = 108),C. latifolium (2n = 36),C. carinthiacum (2n = 36),C. banaticum (2n = 36),C. arvense subsp.glandulosum (2n = 36),C. arvense subsp.arvense (2n = 72) andC. fontanum (2n = 144). Karyotypes of three diploid species (C. eriophorum, C. banaticum andC. latifolium), belonging to three different taxonomic groups, were analysed and found to be similar. The relative nuclear DNA contents of all taxa were determined by flow cytometry and, for five species, also by Feulgen cytophotometry. The values obtained by the two methods are similar. A comparison of nuclear DNA contents among diploids shows that values differ significantly between different taxonomic groups, and are correlated with average chromosome size. Within closely related polyploid groups nuclear DNA amounts increase from 2x- to 4x- and 6x taxa as 1 : 1.4 : 2.4 in theC. alpinum complex, whereas DNA amounts are doubled comparing 2x- and 4x-subspecies in theC. arvense complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01087030
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