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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 138 (1997), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während noch vor wenigen Jahrzehnten Millionen Humboldtpinguine die Küsten Perus und Chiles bevölkerten, wird die Art heute als gefährdet eingestuft. Die Fischerei stellt die größte Bedrohung für diese Tierart dar, deren Gesamtbestand sich nach letzten Schätzungen nur noch auf 10 000 Individuen beläuft. Wir setzten im Südherbst 1996 fünf Argos-Satellitensender ein, um festzustellen, ob Humboldtpinguine des Naturschutzgebietes „Pan de Azúcar“ (26°09′S) im Winter ortstreu bleiben oder saisonale Wanderungen durchführen. Während sich vier der Vögel im Untersuchungszeitraum (18–74 Tage) nicht weiter als 87 km von ihrer Brutinsel entfernten, wanderte ein Vogel im Juni 1996 nach Norden bis vor die Stadt Iquique (20° 12′S, 640 km vom Ausgangspunkt entfernt). Obwohl die in einer früheren Studie ermittelte Größe eines marinen Schutzgebietes von 35 km Durchmesser rund um die Brutinsel in den Sommermonaten ausreichend sein mag, belegen die neuen Ergebnisse, daß weitere Untersuchungen über das Wanderverhalten der Humboldtpinguine als Grundlage für einen effektiven Artenschutz unerläßlich sind.
    Notes: Abstract Until recently, the endangered Humboldt penguin was considered a sedentary bird, which remained near its breeding colonies throughout the year. In this pilot study we used five satellite transmitters on Humboldt penguins during the austral winter and were able to track one bird from Pan de Azúcar Island (26°09′S, 70°40′W), Northern Chile to Iquique (20°12′S, 70°07′W), a distance of 640 km, between May 24 and June 26, 1996. While a 35 km protection zone around breeding islands might be helpful to prevent competition of penguins with fisheries during the summer months, this might not improve the survival of migrating birds in the winter. Further studies are required to determine the extent of migration and to confirm the recorded travelling route and landing locations in order to detect possible threats to Humboldt penguins from fishing and other industries throughout the year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 301-302 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Nimon et al1 found no differences in the heart rate of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), measured by using an artificial egg, in the absence and presence of one person. They concluded from this observation that our recorded increases in Adelie penguin (P adeliae) heart rate during human ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The foraging ecology of rockhopper penguins was studied at Possession Island, southern Indian Ocean, by counting the number of birds departing from and arriving at colonies over the course of the day and by equipping three birds with time/depth loggers, one of which was recovered having recorded a total of 12 days foraging activity. Both the counts and the results from the diving behaviour showed that the birds foraged exclusively diurnally. Maximum dive depth was 66 m although most time was spent between 10 and 25 m, depths that did not accord with the published distribution of their principal prey as detected by nets and acoustics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 136 (1995), S. 471-472 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pinguine haben eine Vielzahl von Feinden, sowohl im Wasser als auch an Land. Dies ist der erste Hinweis darauf, daß Vampirfledermäuse (Desmodus rotundus) sich vom Blut von Humboldtpinguinküken (Spheniscus humboldti) ernähren. Wegen der nächtlichen Blutverluste durch Vampirfledermäuse, und weil diese Blutsauger Krankheitserreger zwischen ihren Wirten übertragen können, könnte diese Form des Parasitismus einen wichtigen Mortalitätsfaktor darstellen.
    Notes: Abstract Penguins have a variety of ennemies both on on land and at sea. This is the first account of vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) preying on juvenile Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Because of the nightly drain of blood by vampires, and because vampires transmit diseases from one prey species to another, this form of predation may be an important mortality factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-04-01
    Description: A single chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica), which had moulted at the South Shetland Islands, was subsequently tracked during 120 days at sea in the austral winter using a global location system (geolocation) based on light intensity. The bird moved east along the Scotia Ridge to a point approximately 300 km west of the South Sandwich Islands and approximately 1600 km away from the colony in which it had moulted. It spent more than 60% of its time in open water north of the edge of the pack ice.
    Print ISSN: 0032-2474
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-3057
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 162 . pp. 279-286.
    Publication Date: 2018-05-08
    Description: VHF telemetry was used in November and December 1995 on 8 Humboldt penguins Spheniscus humboldti breeding at Pan de Azúcar Island (26°S, 70°W), Northern Chile, to determine at-sea behaviour of the birds. We obtained 2710 locations, 90% of which were within a radius of 20 km around the island. Mean travelling speed of the birds was 0.92 m s-1 and speed distribution showed peaks at 1.6 and 3 m s-1. Penguins travelling between foraging areas remained submerged for an average of 8.4 s between surfacings, whereas foraging dives lasted on average 61 s. The analysis of 79 complete foraging trips showed that tracks deviated from a straight course, and range (maximum distance from island) was only 0.37 times total horizontal distance swum. Birds did not forage synchronously or in the same foraging areas. However, foraging ranges were correlated between birds, indicating similar search strategies during periods of low food availability. The results obtained here via VHF telemetry agreed well with those of previous studies employing satellite transmitters and data loggers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
    In:  Mitteilungen zur Kieler Polarforschung, 11 . pp. 18-20.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: We studied the energetics of incubating Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo carbo via heart rate and respirometric measurements performed in captive and free-living animals. We applied a modified heart beat frequency (HR) monitor built for use in human athletics as well as respirometry for measurements in four captive-bred cormorants at Neumuenster Zoo, Germany. The obtained data were used to model the relationship between HR and metabolic rate (MR). The resulting correlations were MR (W kg-0.723) = 4.76 + 0.01HR (bpm) during daytime and MR (W kg-0.723) = 2.33 + 0.03HR (bpm) at night. Furthermore, the heart beat frequencies of 5 free-living, incubating cormorants at the Chausey Islands, France, were measured acoustically using artificial eggs while the activities at the nest were observed via video. HR-MR models established in the captive animals were used to determine the activity-dependent energy expenditure in these free-living cormorants. The Median MR was 5.08 W kg-0.723 at night, 6.06 W kg-0.723 while resting and sleeping during daytime, 6.20 W kg-0.723 during preening, gular flutter and unrest and 6.47 W kg-0.723 during nest building. In resting birds we found a nocturnal reduction in the energy expenditure of 16 %. Our method for measurement of heart beat frequency appears promising as a technique for determination of HR with minimal restraint to the animal
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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