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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plate boundary deformation and continuing deflation of the Askja volcano, North Iceland, determined with GPS, 1987–1993 (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 136-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words GPS ; Askja central volcano ; Caldera ; Deformation ; Plate boundary zone ; Magma chamber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  GPS geodetic measurements were conducted around the Askja central volcano located at the divergent plate boundary in north Iceland in 1987, 1990, 1992 and 1993. The accuracy of the 1987 and 1990 measurements is in the range of 10 mm for horizontal components; the accuracy of the 1992 and 1993 measurements is about 4 mm in the horizontal plane. Regional deformation in the Askja region is dominated by extension. Points located outside a 30–45 km wide plate boundary deformation zone indicate a displacement of 2.4±0.5 cm/a in the direction N 99° E±12° of the Eurasian plate relative to the North American plate in the period 1987–1990. Within the plate boundary deformation zone extensional strain accumulates at a rate of ∼0.8 μstrain/a. Displacement of control points next to Askja (〈7 km from the caldera center) in the periods 1990–1993 and 1992–1993 show deflation and contraction towards the caldera. These results are in accordance with the results obtained by other geodetic methods in the area, which indicate that the deflation at Askja occurs in response to a pressure decrease at about 2.8 km depth, located close to the center of the main Askja caldera. A Mogi point source was fixed at this location and the GPS data used to solve for the source strength. A central subsidence of 11±2.5 cm in the period 1990–1993 is indicated, and 5.5±1.5 cm in the period 1992–1993. The maximum tensional strain rate, according to the point source model, occurs at a horizontal distance of 2.5–6 km from the source, at the same location as the main caldera boundary. Discrepancies between the observed displacements and predicted displacements from the Mogi model near the Askja caldera can be attributed to the regional east–west extension that occurs at Askja.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note on the Reaction of the Upper Atmosphere Potassium Layer to the 1999 Leonid Meteor Storm (1998)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 82-83 (1998), S. 555-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: lower thermosphere ; Leonids 1999 ; mesosphere ; meteors ; neutral atom debris layer ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have performed an experiment to study the impact of the 1999 Leonid meteor storm on the upper atmosphere potassium layer. For the experiment, we used a ground-based K-lidar located at the Observatorio del Teide on the island of Tenerife (28°N, 17°W). As is now known from external sources, the activity of the storm exhibited a sharp peak of activity on November 18, 1999 close to 02:05 UT with a full width at half maximum of only 45 min. Due to unfavorable weather conditions at our lidar site, we could not observe the behavior of the K layer immediately before or during the meteor storm. However, about 1 h past the peak of the Leonid storm, the clouds above the site started to show small holes. Hence, between 03:24 and 05:22 UT, we were able to perform lidar soundings of the K layer above our site. From those we can conclude that the 1999 Leonid meteor storm has not led to an outstanding enhancement of the upper atmosphere potassium layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017085305760
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plate boundary deformation and continuing deflation of the Askja volcano, North Iceland, determined with GPS, 1987–1993 (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 136-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: GPS ; Askja central volcano ; Caldera ; Deformation ; Plate boundary zone ; Magma chamber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract GPS geodetic measurements were conducted around the Askja central volcano located at the divergent plate boundary in north Iceland in 1987, 1990, 1992 and 1993. The accuracy of the 1987 and 1990 measurements is in the range of 10 mm for horizontal components; the accuracy of the 1992 and 1993 measurements is about 4 mm in the horizontal plane. Regional deformation in the Askja region is dominated by extension. Points located outside a 30–45 km wide plate boundary deformation zone indicate a displacement of 2.4±0.5 cm/a in the direction N 99°E±12° of the Eurasian plate relative to the North American plate in the period 1987–1990. Within the plate boundary deformation zone extensional strain accumulates at a rate of ∼0.8 μstrain/a. Displacement of control points next to Askja (〉7 km from the caldera center) in the periods 1990–1993 and 1992–1993 show deflation and contraction towards the caldera. These results are in accordance with the results obtained by other geodetic methods in the area, which indicate that the deflation at Askja occurs in response to a pressure decrease at about 2.8 km depth, located close to the center of the main Askja caldera. A Mogi point source was fixed at this location and the GPS data used to solve for the source strength. A central subsidence of 11±2.5 cm in the period 1990–1993 is indicated, and 5.5±1.5 cm in the period 1992–1993. The maximum tensional strain rate, according to the point source model, occurs at a horizontal distance of 2.5–6 km from the source, at the same location as the main caldera boundary. Discrepancies between the observed displacements and predicted displacements from the Mogi model near the Askja caldera can be attributed to the regional eastwest extension that occurs at Askja.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Programs, databases, and expert systems for human geneticists — a survey (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present an overview of the variety of databases and programs that offer substantial aid to medical and molecular geneticists. Databases and expert systems for genetic diseases and birth defects, programs for segregation and linkage analysis, certain DNA and protein sequence databases, and information resources in general for molecular biology are addressed. These systems cannot be used effectively without the newly developed techniques of information exchange based on international computer networks. A short introduction is given to the Internet and to European institutions and organizations that offer help with the aquisition and use of bioinformatic resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265253
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Programs, databases, and expert systems for human geneticists – a survey (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present an overview of the variety of databases and programs that offer substantial aid to medical and molecular geneticists. Databases and expert systems for genetic diseases and birth defects, programs for segregation and linkage analysis, certain DNA and protein sequence databases, and information resources in general for molecular biology are addressed. These systems cannot be used effectively without the newly developed techniques of information exchange based on international computer networks. A short introduction is given to the Internet and to European institutions and organizations that offer help with the aquisition and use of bioinformatic resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265253
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of Opaque 2 on β-prolamin gene regulation in maize and Coix suggests a more general role for this transcriptional activator (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1015-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: β-prolamin ; Coix lacryma-jobi ; different O2-binding sites ; Opaque 2 ; transcriptional regulation ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The maize opaque 2 (o2) mutation is known to have numerous pleiotropic effects. Some polypeptides have their expression depressed while others are enhanced. The best characterized effects of the o2 mutation are those exerted on endosperm genes encoding the storage protein class of the 22 kDa α-zeins and the ribosome inactivating protein b-32. The Opaque 2 (O2) locus encodes a basic domain-leucine zipper DNA-binding factor, O2, which transcriptionally regulates these genes. In the maize-related grass Coix lacryma-jobi, an O2-homologous protein regulates the 25 kDa α-coixin gene family. We show in this paper that O2 transcriptionally regulates the structurally and developmentally different class of the β-prolamins. A new O2-binding box was identified in β-prolamin genes from maize and Coix that, together with the boxes previously identified in other endosperm expressed genes, forms a curious collection of O2 cis elements. This may have regulatory implications on the role of O2 in the mechanism that controls coordinated gene expression in the developing endosperm. Considering that the O2 locus controls at least three distinct classes of genes in maize endosperm, we propose that the O2 protein may play a more general role in maize endosperm development than previously conceived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037028
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The DapA gene encoding the lysine biosynthetic enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase from Coix lacryma-jobi: cloning, characterization, and expression analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 41 (1999), S. 551-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Coix lacryma jobi ; dihydrodipicolinate synthase ; GCN4 ; lysine ; maize ; opaque2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) is the main enzyme of a specific branch of the aspartate pathway leading to lysine biosynthesis in higher plants. We have cloned and characterized the DHPS-encoding DapA gene from the maize-related grass Coix lacryma-jobi. The DapA open reading frame is interrupted by two introns and encodes the 326 amino acid-long Coix DHPS protein, which is 95% identical to the maize DHPS protein. Coix DNA gel blot analysis with maize DHPS cDNA as a probe showed a single strongly hybridizing band along with faint bands. RNA gel blot analysis showed that DHPS transcripts are present in coleoptiles, embryos, endosperms, and roots but are almost undetectable in blades of young leaves of both Coix and maize. The 5′-flanking region of the DapA gene contains a TGACTC GCN4-like element located 372 bp upstream the putative translation start codon. Steady-state levels of DHPS mRNA were slightly reduced in the endosperms and embryos of the maize lysine-rich opaque2 mutants when compared with those in normal kernels. Selective binding assay with the maize Opaque2 protein (O2) showed that the GCN4-like element is not an O2 binding site, suggesting that the DHPS gene is not under the control of O2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006367116073
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular and functional characterization of an Opaque2 homologue gene from Coix and a new classification of plant bZIP proteins (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 36 (1998), S. 249-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: bZIP classification ; Coix lacryma-jobi ; Opaque2 ; Opaque2 homologues ; transcriptional activator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seed storage proteins of Coix, sorghum and maize are codified by homologous genes which are coordinately expressed in the endosperm in a temporal-specific fashion. Opaque2 (O2), a bZIP protein originally isolated from maize, has been described as a transcription activator of α- and β-prolamin genes. The isolation and characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding the Opaque2 homologue from Coix are reported here. The coding region of the Coix O2 gene is interrupted by five introns and codifies a polypeptide of 408 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with two different sequences of maize O2 protein showed that the Coix O2 protein is similar to the maize O2 isolated from W22 maize inbred line. The Coix O2 protein has the same binding specificity and expression pattern of the maize O2. The O2 proteins together with OHP1, OsBZIPPA, SPA, CPRF2 and RITA1 were assigned to one of the five bZIP plant families in an updated classification of plant bZIP according to bZIP domain similarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005995806897
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An in situ dissolved-hydrogen probe for monitoring anaerobic digesters under overload conditions (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: dissolved-hydrogen probe ; anaerobic digestion ; hydrogen ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concentration of diatomic hydrogen in the liquid phase of an anaerobic digester was used to determine the onset of digester failure induced by substrate overloading. The construction of an inexpensive probe to measure dissolved hydrogen, having a partial pressure detection limit of 30 Pa, is described. An increase in the partial pressure of dissolved hydrogen, from less than 30 Pa to 400 Pa, was observed when the D-glucose concentration in a laboratory-scaled digester was increased rapidly to 10 mM. However, when the digester was gradually overloaded, an increase in the dissolved-hydrogen partial pressure was not observed until after the digester failed. The accumulation of volatile fatty acids and digester failure were observed at dissolved-hydrogen partial pressures below 30 Pa. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of Dimethyl[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]metalanes of Aluminum and Gallium with H2S and Elemental Chalcogens - Crystal Structures of [RAl(μ-S)]2·2 THF, [RGa(μ3-S)]4, [{RAl(μ3-S)}3MeAl(μ3-S)], [RAlMe(μ-SeMe)]2, and [RGaMe(μ-TeMe)]2 [R = C(SiMe3)3] (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 2033-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Chalcogens ; Cubanes ; Gallium ; Main group elements ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of the trialkylalane (Me3Si)3CAlMe2 × THF (1) with H2S in toluene at room temperature results in the formation of the dimeric sulfido compound [(Me3Si)3CAl(μ-S)]2 × 2 THF (3), while the reaction of the homologous gallane (Me3Si)3CGaMe2 (2) with H2S under similar conditions affords the heterocubane [(Me3Si)3CGa(μ3-S)]4 (4). Heating of compound 3 in vacuo gives a mixture of the symmetrically substituted [(Me3Si)3CAl(μ3-S)]4 (5) and the unsymmetrically substituted heterocubane [{(Me3Si)3CAl(μ3-S)}3MeAl(μ3-S)] (6). Reaction of the trialkylmetalanes 1 and 2 with elemental selenium in refluxing toluene results in the formation of the corresponding selenolates [(Me3Si)3CMMe(μ-SeMe)]2 (7, M = Al; 8, M = Ga). The compounds exhibit a high thermal stability and can not be converted to the corresponding selenides [(Me3Si)3CM(μ3-Se)]n (M = Al, Ga) upon heating. In contrast, the trialkylalane 1 does not react with tellurium metal in refluxing toluene at all, while the trialkylgallane 2 affords the tellurolate [(Me3Si)3CGaMe(μ-TeMe)]2 (9) under similar conditions. Compounds 3-9 have been characterized by 1H- and 29Si-NMR, mass, and IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the molecular structures of compounds 3· C6H6, 4· 1.5 C6H6, 6, 7· C6H6 and 9 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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