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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 35 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid) is a new herbicide in United States rice production. Field studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 in Mississippi to determine the influence of application timings and rates on weed control efficacy and rice yield. Control of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyard-grass), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill (hemp sesbania) and Ipomoea wrightii Gray (palmleaf morning glory) were greatest with early post-emergence application. Efficacy of pre-emergence application depends strongly on soil moisture, with significantly reduced weed control resulting when applied to dry soil. Weed control with pre-emergence application to moist soil was comparable with early post-emergence application at higher rates of quinclorac. Pre-plant and incorporated quinclorac controlled weeds effectively. Control of E. crus-galli, S. exaltata and I. wrightii ranged from 73 to 99%, 75 to 99%, and 92 to 99% at 28 days after treatment, respectively. Rice yield generally reflected weed control. No rice injury was observed for any treatment. Results indicate that early post-emergence application of quinclorac is the best time for using reduced rates and field conditions at application should be considered with these rates pre-emergence.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 50 (1999), S. 220-227 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words HLA-B27 ; Spondyloarthropathy ; Antigen presentation ; Cys67
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele HLA-B27 bears a striking association with the spondylolarthritic group of inflammatory arthritides, yet despite extensive studies its role in the disease process remains obscure. As an MHC class I protein, the primary function of HLA-B27 is to complex with β2-microglobulin forming a structure that presents short antigenic peptides for recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). It has been proposed that the role of HLA-B27 in spondyloarthropathy involves this process of antigen presentation, and of the numerous theories proposed to explain the association, the most popular have involved the binding and presentation of "arthritogenic" peptides. Transgenic rodent studies directly implicate HLA-B27 heavy chains in disease pathogenesis, but suggest that the mechanism may be distinct from their primary function. The recent demonstration that HLA-B27 heavy chains can form stable homodimers may thus be of relevance. This review summarizes the evidence supporting current theories of disease association and proposes an alternative model of disease based on recent findings.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The promoters of a tobacco actin gene, a tobacco pectate lyase, a tobacco and maize polygalacturonase and aBrassica S-locus related gene have been fused to theβ-glucuronidase reporter gene and their activities determined by biolistic transient assay in tobacco pollen. In stably transformed tobacco all the transgenes with the exception of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus-35S-β-glucuronidase appear to express efficiently in maturing pollen. Transient assay analysis showed that the tobacco pectate lyase and the polygalacturonase constructs were 8x more active than the tobacco actin construct, and that the tobacco polygalacturonase construct was some 33x more active than the maize polygalacturonase construct. Constructional manipulations that altered the lengths of the 5′-untranslated leaders including one which resulted in the removal of a 490 bp leader intron had little effect on the observed level of expression. However, the alteration of the context of the ATG from A/TnnATGG to CnnATGT resulting in a 70% reduction in the observed levels of activity, was obtained with the pectate lyase and polygalacturonase promoters. An identical reductional was also observed in transgenic plant populations transformed with the polygalacturonase transgenes.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die massiven Cu-Zn-Sulfid-Lagerstätten von Wilga und Currawong in Südostaustralien treten in einer tektonisch beanspruchten Abfolge von obersilurischen, basaltischen bis rhyolitischen Vulkaniten und Sedimenten auf. Die syn-vulkanische Vererzung ist unmittelbar oberhalb einer mächtigen Abfolge von rhyolitischen Vulkaniten und Vulkanoklastiten (Thorkidaan Vulkanite) zu finden, darüber folgen relativ dünne wechsellagernde G≯e, Intrusiv-Dome und Ergüsse von Basalt, Andesit und Dacit (Gibson's Folly Formation). Die Thorkidaan Vulkanite habenεNd(420Ma) =-2,2 bis - 9,8 und dürften durch partielle Aufschmelzung älterer krustaler Gesteine entstanden sein. Die Basalt-Andesit-Dacit-Abfolge im Hangenden hat jedochεNd(415Ma) = -0,5 bis + 2,0, was auf Herkunft aus einer relativ wenig verarmten Mantelquelle hinweist. Relativ Ti-reiche andesitische bis dacitische Gesteine aus dem Gebiet vom Bumble Creek zeigenεNd(415) = +5,2 bis + 5,9. Dies weist auf Beziehungen mit Ordovicischen Vulkaniten in anderen Teilen des Lachlan-Gürtels hin. Die Thorkidaan Vulkanite zeigen SiO2-Gehalte von 73 bis 79 Gew. %, und charakteristische Variationen der Haupt- und Spurenelementgehalte. Diese lassen eine signifikante Fraktionierung erkennen, an der Feldspäte und verschiedene andere Nebengemengteile beteiligt waren. Die Haupt- und Spurenelementzusammensetzungen der Basalt-Andesit-Decit-Abfolge zeigt normale Variationen, die auf co-genetische Beziehungen mit fraktionierter Kristallisation hinweisen. Die basaltischen Gesteine haben niedrige Gehalte an TiO2 (〈 0, 8 gew. %) sowie hohe Zr/Nb und La/Nb Verhältnisse, die auf Bildung in einem Subduktionsbereich, wahrscheinlich in einem embryonischen Back-Arc Becken, das sich auf ausgedünnter kontinentaler Lithosphäre oder in einem kleinen Pull-Apart Becken in der Nähe eines transtensionalen Randes entwickelt hat, hinweisen. Die magmatische Entwicklungsgeschichte und die Palägeographie weisen auf Dehnungs-Tektonik und auf einen magmatischen Zyklus hin, der Hebung,rhyolitischen Vulkanismus infolge von Krustenaufschmelzung, Extension, Absenkung und Durchdringung mit einer vom Mantel bezogenen Basalt-Andesit-Dacit-Suite entlang von Verwerfungen auf den Meeresboden erkennen läßt. Massive Sulfiderze kommen genau an der stratigraphischen Grenze von rhyolitschen zu mafischen Magmatypen mit Mantel-Ursprung vor. Hier ist es erforderlich, die Vererzungstypen, die zusammen mit krustalen S-Typ Granitoiden vorkommen, ebenso zu erwägen, wie die thermalen Aspekte, die die Fähigkeit kleiner saurer Magmenkörper limitieren, hydrothermale Konvektionszellen ausreichender Größe in Gang zu setzen und zu erhalten. Das weist darauf hin, daß bei Fehlen von gleichaltrigem mafischem Magmatismus saure vulkanische Abfolgen mit Krustenherkunft sehr wahrscheinlich keine VHMS-Lagerstätten führen können. Diese Vererzungen sind an Basalt-Andesit-Dacit-Abfolgen mit Mantelherkunft gebunden, die entweder die notwendige Wärmequelle für die Auslaugung vulkanischer Gesteine im Liegenden lieferten und/oder metallreiche hydrothermale Lösungen während fraktionierter Kristallisation verfügbar machten.
    Notes: Summary The Wilga and Currawong Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposits in southeastern Australia are hosted by a deformed sequence of Upper Silurian basaltic to rhyolitic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The syn-volcanic mineralisation occurs immediately above a thick package of rhyolitic volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic rocks (Thorkidaan Volcanics), and is overlain by relatively thin intercalated sills, intrusive domes and flows of basalt, andesite and dacite (Gibson's Folly Formation). The Thorkidaan Volcanics haveεNd(420Ma) = -2.2 to - 9.8 and are considered to have been derived by partial melting of older crustal rocks, whereas the basalt-andesite-dacite hangingwall sequence hasε(Nd(415Ma) = -0.5 to + 2.0 suggesting derivation from a relatively undepleted mantle source. Relatively high-Ti andesitic to dacitic rocks from the Bumble Creek area haveεNd(415Ma) = +5.2 to +5.9 suggesting affinities with Ordovician volcanic rocks elsewhere in the Lachlan Fold Belt. The Thorkidaan Volcanics display a limited silica range (73 to 79 wt.%), but have distinctive minor and trace element variations indicating a substantial fractionation history involving feldspar and several accessory phases. Major and trace element compositions of the basalt-andesite-dacite suite display regular variations consistent with a cogenetic relationship by fractional crystallisation. The basaltic rocks mostly have low TiO2 (〈 0.8 wt.%) and other chemical characteristics such as high Zr/Nb and La/Nb which suggest formation in a subduction-related setting; probably an embryonic back-arc basin developed on stretched continental lithosphere, or in small pull-apart basins developed adjacent to a transtensional margin. The magmatic history and paleogeography reflect an extensional tectonic and magmatic cycle comprising uplift, rhyolitic magmatism from crustal melting, extension, subsidence, and penetration of a mantle-derived basalt-andesite-dacite suite up extensional faults to the sea floor. Massive sulphide ores are located exactly at the stratigraphic change from rhyolitic to more mafic mantle-derived magma types. Consideration of the types of mineralisation associated with crustal, S-type granitoids, coupled with thermal constraints limiting the capacity of small bodies of silicic magma to initiate and sustain hydrothermal convection cells of reasonable size, suggests that in the absence of coeval mafic magmatism, S-type crustal-derived silicic volcanic packages are likely to be barren of VHMS deposits. Mineralisation occurs in association with mantle-derived basalt-andesite-dacite suites that either provide the necessary heat to facilitate leaching of the footwall volcanic rocks, or contribute metal-rich hydrothermal solutions during fractional crystallisation, or both.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Barley  ;  RFLP  ;  Linkage map  ; homeotic mutant  ;  lax-a mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The lax-a homeotic mutant of barley has flowers in which lodicules are replaced by stamens (giving five stamens per flower). RFLP mapping of an population from a Bonus lax-a H. spontaneum cross showed that the mutation was on the short arm of chromosome 7(5H), closely linked to the centromere. An additional population was used to show that the lax-a mutation gave the five-stamen phenotype in all flowers of 6-rowed spikes and that hoods were elevated and reduced in size in lax-a/Hooded double-mutant plants.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; RFLP ; Linkage map ; homeotic mutant ; lax-a mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lax-a homeotic mutant of barley has flowers in which lodicules are replaced by stamens (giving five stamens per flower). RFLP mapping of an F2 population from a Bonus lax-a 1 x H. spontaneum cross showed that the mutation was on the short arm of chromosome 7(5H), closely linked to the centromere. An additional F2 population was used to show that the lax-a mutation gave the five-stamen phenotype in all flowers of 6-rowed spikes and that hoods were elevated and reduced in size in lax-a/Hooded double-mutant plants.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Maize ; Mitochondria ; RNA polymerase ; Alternative splicing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Single-subunit RNA polymerases belonging to the T3/T7 bacteriophage family are thought to be common throughout eukaryotes. We report the isolation and characterization of a nucleus-encoded single-subunit RNA polymerase gene from maize. This gene is highly homologous to other single-subunit RNA polymerase genes from Arabidopsis, Chenopodium, yeast and Neurospora crassa involved in organellar transcription. Genomic Southern analysis reveals 10 to 15 hybridising fragments, suggesting that maize contains a small gene family. The isolated gene contains 19 exons and its genomic structure is highly conserved when compared to the three Arabidopsis homologues. Unlike the case in Arabidopsis, intron-12 of the maize bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase gene is alternatively spliced. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the resultant alternatively spliced transcript represents approximately 21 to 26% of the total polymerase mRNA in maize coleoptiles. The orthologous wheat bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase is also alternatively spliced and the intron exhibits 78% identity to maize intron-12. The conservation in alternative splicing between wheat and maize and its absence from Arabidopsis suggest a functional requirement for the alternatively spliced product.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-11-22
    Print ISSN: 0093-7711
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1211
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
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