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  • 1
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    Paracellin-1, a renal tight junction protein required for paracellular Mg2+ resorption (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: Epithelia permit selective and regulated flux from apical to basolateral surfaces by transcellular passage through cells or paracellular flux between cells. Tight junctions constitute the barrier to paracellular conductance; however, little is known about the specific molecules that mediate paracellular permeabilities. Renal magnesium ion (Mg2+) resorption occurs predominantly through a paracellular conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL). Here, positional cloning has identified a human gene, paracellin-1 (PCLN-1), mutations in which cause renal Mg2+ wasting. PCLN-1 is located in tight junctions of the TAL and is related to the claudin family of tight junction proteins. These findings provide insight into Mg2+ homeostasis, demonstrate the role of a tight junction protein in human disease, and identify an essential component of a selective paracellular conductance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, D B -- Lu, Y -- Choate, K A -- Velazquez, H -- Al-Sabban, E -- Praga, M -- Casari, G -- Bettinelli, A -- Colussi, G -- Rodriguez-Soriano, J -- McCredie, D -- Milford, D -- Sanjad, S -- Lifton, R P -- F.1/Telethon/Italy -- R01DK51696/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- TGM06S01/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/urine ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics ; Claudins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/*genetics/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/chemistry ; Loop of Henle/chemistry/*metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Tight Junctions/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Optical properties of an ionic-type phononic crystal (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: An ionic-type phononic crystal composed of two ferroelectric media with opposite spontaneous polarization aligned periodically in a superlattice structure was studied theoretically and experimentally. The coupling between vibrations of the superlattice and the electromagnetic waves results in various long-wavelength optical properties, such as microwave absorption, dielectric abnormality, and polariton excitation, that exist originally in ionic crystals. The results show that this artificial crystal structure can be used to simulate the microscopic physical processes in real crystals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu -- Zhu -- Chen -- Ming -- Feng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1822-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Specific coupling of NMDA receptor activation to nitric oxide neurotoxicity by PSD-95 protein (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: The efficiency with which N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) trigger intracellular signaling pathways governs neuronal plasticity, development, senescence, and disease. In cultured cortical neurons, suppressing the expression of the NMDAR scaffolding protein PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95) selectively attenuated excitotoxicity triggered via NMDARs, but not by other glutamate or calcium ion (Ca2+) channels. NMDAR function was unaffected, because receptor expression, NMDA currents, and 45Ca2+ loading were unchanged. Suppressing PSD-95 blocked Ca2+-activated nitric oxide production by NMDARs selectively, without affecting neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression or function. Thus, PSD-95 is required for efficient coupling of NMDAR activity to nitric oxide toxicity, and imparts specificity to excitotoxic Ca2+ signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sattler, R -- Xiong, Z -- Lu, W Y -- Hafner, M -- MacDonald, J F -- Tymianski, M -- NS 39060/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1845-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Lab 11-416, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanylate Kinase ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; N-Methylaspartate/toxicity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase/metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Loss of heterozygosity in normal tissue adjacent to breast carcinomas (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected in morphologically normal lobules adjacent to breast cancers. The most frequent aberration was at chromosome 3p22-25; of ten cases with this LOH in the carcinoma, six displayed the same LOH in adjacent normal lobules. This suggests that in a subset of sporadic breast cancers, a tumor suppresser gene at 3p22-25 may be important in initiation or early progression of tumorigenesis. Among sixteen breast cancers with LOH at 17p13.1 and five breast cancers with LOH at 11p15.5, one case each displayed the same LOH in adjacent normal lobules. Thus the molecular heterogeneity that characterizes invasive breast cancers may occur at the earliest detectable stages of progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, G -- Lu, Y -- Zlotnikov, G -- Thor, A D -- Smith, H S -- 2P50CA58207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geraldine Brush Cancer Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, 2330 Clay Street, San Francisco, CA 94619, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Breast/chemistry/*pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/chemistry/*genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry/*genetics/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LiNbO3 phase gratings prepared by a single excimer pulse through a silica phase mask (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1352-1354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transmission silica phase mask grating was used to fabricate LiNbO3 wafer phase gratings by a single excimer pulse at 248 nm. The morphologies of the LiNbO3 wafer gratings were studied with an atomic force microscope as well as an optical microscope. The crystal structures of the gratings were characterized by x-ray diffraction and three new crystal phases were found at the gratings' surface besides the substrate phase of LN (110). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117433
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence and attenuation properties of Er3+ -doped phosphate-glass fibers and efficient infrared-to-visible up-conversion (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.81. - i ; 42.70.Ce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence spectra of phosphate glasses with different erbium doping have been measured. The flourescence intensity reaches its maximum at an Er3+-doping concentration of 0.75 mol%. When the Er3+ doping exceeds 0.75 mol%, the fluorescence intensity decreases due to concentration quenching. The attenuation at 1.53 µm of the fiber is 12.8 db/m. The fluorescence up-conversion of 1.064 µm Nd:YAG laser pulses into intense green 547 and 667 nm light in the fiber has been measured. The fluorescence output power of green (547 nm) and red (667 nm) light is 178 and 42 μW, respectively with an excitation power of 1 W. The two signals are referred to as4 S 3/2 →4 I 1 5/2 and4 F 9/2 →4 I 1 5/2 transitions through two-photon absorption fluorescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080957
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  • 7
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    LiNbO3 phase gratings prepared by a single excimer pulse through a silica phase mask (1996)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-02
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    Fluorescence and attenuation properties of Er3+ -doped phosphate-glass fibers and efficient infrared-to-visible up-conversion (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Fabrication of $ f LiNbO_{3}$ Phase Gratings by Excimer Laser Ablation through a Silica Phase Mask (1996)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-4922
    Electronic ISSN: 1347-4065
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric signal detection at the early stage of laser ablation in air (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2812-2817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A tiny metal probe was used to detect electric signals induced at the early stage of laser ablation in air. It is found that the electric signals result from probe ablation, plasma–probe interaction, and plasma-induced electric field. The recorded signals strongly depend on the probe positions. For a probe placed out of the plasma–probe interaction region, the detected electric signal is a negative peak in the nanosecond range, due to the plasma-induced electric field. The peak arrival time corresponds to the total amount of ion emission from the substrate surface, and therefore, does not vary with the probe position. The signal amplitude is inversely proportional to the square of the probe distance, consistent with the distance dependence of the field intensity from an electric dipole. The signal amplitude increases with the laser fluence while the peak arrival time reduces, reflecting the earlier plasma generation at a higher laser fluence. Both peak width and its arrival time of the electric signals increase with laser fluence and tend to saturate above 6.4 J/cm2. The electric signals were analyzed for laser ablation of different substrate materials. The electric signal detection was also applied to monitor the laser cleaning of organic contamination in real time. The mechanism of the electric signal generation and the process of electron and ion emission are briefly discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371129
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