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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in cosmic ray cut-off rigidities due to secular variations of the geomagnetic field (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 734-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical expression is derived for the cutoff rigidity of cosmic rays arriving at a point in an arbitrary direction, when the main geomagnetic field is approximated by that of an eccentric dipole. This expression is used to determine changes in geomagnetic cutoffs due to secular variation of the geomagnetic field since 1835. Effects of westward drift of the quadrupole field and decrease in the effective dipole moment are seen in the isorigidity contours. On account of the immense computer time required to determine the cutoff rigidities more accurately using the particle trajectory tracing technique, the present formulation may be useful in estimating the transmission factor of the geomagnetic field in cosmic ray studies, modulation of cosmogenic isotope production by geomagnetic secular variation, and the contribution of geomagnetic field variation to long term changes in climate through cosmic ray related modulation of the current flow in the global electric circuit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0734-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto jute fiber with permanganate ion initiation system in presence of air (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1673-1682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile with jute using potassium permanganate as the initiator has been studied in the presence of air. To establish reaction conditions for the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto jute, the effect of different variables such as the residual lignin content of bleached jute (after bleaching with sodium chlorite), initiator concentration, monomer concentration, time of polymerization, reaction temperature, and amount of bleached jute fiber have been studied. As evidence of polymer grafting, some instrumental analyses such as scanning electron microscopy, infrared, and thermogravimetry have been carried out. The extent of grafting of acrylonitrile depends on how much lignin is present on the jute fiber. Percent grafting and grafting efficiency have also been studied. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070551207
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical study on unidirectional polyethylene fibers-PMMA and glass fibers-PMMA composite laminates (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 657-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Unidirectional (UD) composite laminates based on glass fibers (GF) and high-performance polyethylene fibers (PEF) were prepared with partially polymerized methyl methacrylate (MMA) at room temperature and then heated at 55°C (well below the softening point of PEF) for 2 hrs. The viscoelastic behavior of the composite was studied through dynamic mechanical analysis at different volume fractions of fibers. Several parameters such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and loss factor or damping efficiency (tan ∂) were determined to be between 40 and 160°C in a resonant frequency mode. All the properties were compared between the two composite laminates. It was found that the shift of the glass transition temperature (Tg) due to incorporating fibers was higher in the case of a PEF-reinforced composite than that of a GF-reinforced composite at the same volume fraction of fibers. It was also observed that the efficiency of both the composites decreases with the increase in the volume fraction of fibers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexural behavior of unidirectional polyethylene-glass fiber-PMMA hybrid composites (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 637-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: hybrid composite ; poly(methyl methacrylate) ; flexural behavior ; interlaminar shear strength ; mode of failure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Unidirectional hybrid laminates based on glass fibers (GF) and high performance polyethylene fibers (PEF) were prepared with a partially polymerized methyl methacrylate (MMA) matrix at room temperature followed by heating at 55°C for the stipulated time (well below the softening point of PEF). The ultimate flexural strength (UFS), flexural modulus (FM) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites were determined and analyzed. An interesting observation of the study was the change in flexural behavior, which was largely dependent on the position of GF and PEF ply/plies in the compression and tension sides. When the ply/plies of PEF were at the tension side, the UFS and FM showed a higher value than that when GF plies were in the tension side of the hybrid composites. The ILSS also follows the same trend regarding the position of the GF and PEF plies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220061001
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on cyanoethylation of jute fiber (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 733-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes of reaction variables upon the reaction of jute fiber with acrylonitrile, like concentration of sodium hydroxide, reaction time, and reaction temperature, were studied in the present work. Benzene and dioxane were used as diluents for acrylonitrile and reactions were conducted in their presence in different amounts. Jute fibers were delignified progressively and their effect on the cyanoethylation reaction was studied. It was found that fiber swelled with ethylene diamine, prior to cyanoethylation, gave a higher yield of cyanoethylated jute. Some preliminary work was done to investigate the distribution of reacted chemicals among its major constituents. An FTIR study was performed to show the partial substitution of hydroxyl groups by the cyanoethyl group. The FTIR study also revealed that not only did hydroxyl groups of the cellulosic component of jute react with acrylonitrile but hydroxyl groups of lignin also took part in the reaction. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexural behavior of unidirectional polyethylene-carbon fibers-PMMA hybrid composite laminates (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
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    The zntA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase (1997)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-23
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    An optical fibre interferometer for remote detection of laser generated ultrasonics (1998)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0957-0233
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6501
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Interstellar propagation and electron capture processes of galactic cosmic ray heavy ions in space (1995)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Changes in cosmic ray cut-off rigidities due to secular variations of the geomagnetic field (1997)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-30
    Description: An analytical expression is derived for the cutoff rigidity of cosmic rays arriving at a point in an arbitrary direction, when the main geomagnetic field is approximated by that of an eccentric dipole. This expression is used to determine changes in geomagnetic cutoffs due to secular variation of the geomagnetic field since 1835. Effects of westward drift of the quadrupole field and decrease in the effective dipole moment are seen in the isorigidity contours. On account of the immense computer time required to determine the cutoff rigidities more accurately using the particle trajectory tracing technique, the present formulation may be useful in estimating the transmission factor of the geomagnetic field in cosmic ray studies, modulation of cosmogenic isotope production by geomagnetic secular variation, and the contribution of geomagnetic field variation to long term changes in climate through cosmic ray related modulation of the current flow in the global electric circuit.
    Print ISSN: 0992-7689
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0576
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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