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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superlattice applications to thermoelectricity (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5460-5466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a theoretical framework for estimating the effects of a superlattice (SL) on the thermoelectric (TE) transport in semiconductors. We consider both transverse and parallel conduction through the SL, and in the latter case, the possibility of modulation doping. Our calculations of electron and phonon transport are based on a two-band single-valley model for heavily doped n-type Si80Ge20, with modifications to account for the effects of parallel and transverse transport through a SL. For parallel transport, we find modest improvement in the TE figure-of-merit, only for the narrowest SL (5.4 A(ring)). For transverse conduction, we find that if the SL can be designed to inhibit the conduction of low-energy carriers, then large improvements in the TE figure-of-merit are possible, as large as +100% over the bulk. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359661
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational spectra in the ν2 vibrationally excited states of MgNC (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 1263-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pure rotational spectra of MgNC in the ν2 (bending) vibrationally excited states were observed in the 310–380 GHz region to study the linearity of the molecule. The observed 90 spectral lines were assigned to the transitions in the v2=1–5 states and analyzed to determine a set of molecular constants in each state. The bending vibrational frequency was estimated to be 86 cm−1 from the l-type doubling constant of the v2=1 state. The interval of the Φ and Π states in v2=3 was determined to be 29.2280(24) cm−1, giving the anharmonicity constant xll=3.8611(9) cm−1 with one standard deviation in parentheses, which indicates that the molecule has a linear form. However, somewhat peculiar properties were recognized in dependence of the observed l-type resonance and vibration-rotation constants on the v2 vibrational quantum number, suggesting an effect of anharmonicity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental liver fibrosis induced in rats receiving high doses of alcohol and alternating between regular and vitamin-depleted diets (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 710-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Vitamins ; alcoholic hyaline ; alternative diet ; fibrogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by simulating human alcoholic eating and drinking patterns. Alcohol addiction was established by gradually increasing the ethanol concentration in the drinking water; salts were added at the terminal stage. The hepatocytes of rats receiving alcohol concentrations exceeding 50% (v/v) (similar to vodka) exhibited alcoholic hyaline (Mallory bodies). Alcoholic liver fibrosis was induced by alternating between regular and autoclaved (vitamin-depleted) diets, simulating the irregular eating habits of human alcoholics. In the livers of rats receiving 70% (v/v) ethanol (comparable to absinthe) with 25% saline and fed the alternating diets, pericellular fibrosis was induced. No significant difference in calorie intake between control and alcohol rats was detected except when rats underwent drinking bouts (heavy drinking phase). This indicates that neither a high-fat diet nor a choline-depleted diet is necessary to induce the alcoholic fibrosis seen in human alcoholics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01925580
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An increase in the influx of calcium ions into cilia induces thigmotaxis inParamecium caudatum (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 831-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Paramecium caudatum ; thigmotaxis ; Ja-value ; CNR ; calcium ; ruthenium red ; LaCl3 ; caffeine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To understand the role of calcium ions in thigmotaxis inParamecium caudatum, the effects of caffeine, ruthenium red and lanthanum (LaCl3) on thigmotaxis were examined. Thigmotaxis in the CNR mutant, which lacks voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels in the ciliary membrane, was also examined. Ruthenium red and LaCl3 suppressed thigmotaxis inP. caudatum, while caffeine enhanced it. The CNR mutant showed hardly any thigmotaxis. It can be thought that an increase in Ca2+ influx and the intraciliary concentration of Ca2+ ions induces thigmotaxis inParamecium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary Restriction Reduces the Prevalence of Osteonecrosis of the Caput Femoris in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Spontaneously hypertensive rat — Osteonecrosis — Caput femoris — Dietary restriction — Mechanical stress — Blood supply.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We investigated the effects of dietary restriction (DR), an experimental intervention known to suppress several strain-specific diseases, on the prevalence of osteonecrosis of the caput femoris in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). At 6 weeks of age, the food intake of DR rats was restricted to 65% of the mean intake of control rats fed ad libitum (AL). Acute osteonecrosis of the caput femoris without reparative tissue response (RTR) was observed at 10 and 15 weeks in both DR and AL groups; no such acute lesion was seen at 20 and 30 weeks. The prevalence of osteonecrosis, osteonecrosis with/without reparative tissue response was significantly reduced in DR rats at 15 and 20 weeks, but not at 10 weeks. DR reduced the body weight by 30% and the length of the femur by 10%. Ossification of the caput femoris, known to be delayed in AL rats compared with Wistar Kyoto rats, was also restored by DR. Our results showed that dietary restriction reduced the prevalence of osteonecrosis and modulated the mechanical factors involved in the lesion. They also indicate that utilization of dietary restriction is a useful research tool for investigating the underlying mechanisms of osteonecrosis of the caput femoris in SHR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900614
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypoosmoregulatory ability of eyed-stage embryos of chum salmon (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the osmoregulatory ability of eyedstage embryos of laboratory-reared chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, we examined changes in osmolality of the perivitelline fluid and blood following transfer to 50 and 100% seawater (SW), together with morphological changes in chloride cells present in the yolk sac membrane. Transfer to SW did not cause any significant change in the whole egg weight. However, the embryos shrank when the eggs were transferred to SW, whereas the perivitelline space increased at the expense of the embryo. Osmolality of the perivitelline fluid increased rapidly to reach environmental levels 3 h after transfer, indicating that the egg shell is permeable to ions and water. Blood osmolality increased after transfer to SW, reached a peak level at 3 h, and then decreased gradually. The chloride cells in the yolk sac membrane became activated following transfer, as shown by increased cell size and frequent appearance of apical openings. These results indicate that the eyed-stage embryos of chum salmon possess hypoosmoregulatory ability and that chloride cells in the yolk sac membrane may be involved in salt extrusion, in place of gill chloride cells, during the late embryonic stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349290
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced hypoosmoregulatory ability and alteration in gill chloride cell distribution in mature chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrating upstream for spawning (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 129 (1997), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Osmoregulatory ability of mature chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration was examined by following the changes in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and in the distribution and morphology of chloride cells. Mature chum salmon caught in Otsuchi Bay, northern Honshu Island, Japan, died within 5 d in seawater (SW) in association with a marked increase in plasma osmolality, whereas the fish transferred to fresh water (FW) maintained plasma osmolality efficiently. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity decreased in both SW-maintained and FW-transferred fish. Well-developed chloride cells, identified by immunocytochemical staining specific for Na+, K+-ATPase, were present mainly in the filament epithelium of immature fish caught in the ocean. In mature fish caught in the bay, however, additional chloride cells were also found in the lamellar epithelium. The number of filament chloride cells decreased markedly in the mature fish both in SW and in FW, whereas the number of lamellar chloride cells was maintained. These results suggest that the loss of hypoosmoregulatory ability in mature chum salmon may be attributable to the decrease in filament chloride cells and associated decrease in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and also that appearance of lamellar chloride cells may be preparatory to the forthcoming upstream migration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050165
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfactories; new applications of micromachine technology to the manufacture of small products (1997)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 3 (1997), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Concepts of microfactories consisting of microdevices made by micromachine technologies are discussed. A microfactory is a small production system whose size is very small with respect to the dimensions of the small products. Typical examples of microfactories are classified according to production types. Microfactory systems have a great possibility to innovate the production systems of small products by making the best use of the inherent properties of the systems such as miniaturized facilities, mobility and flexibility. The microfactory saves energy, manufacturing space and mineral resources with decreasing size of the factory facilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050052
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Japanese activities of micromachine and its future prospects (1997)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 3 (1997), S. 86-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Every corner of advanced R&D seems to head toward micronization. Micronization research in mechanics started recently but an intensive and comprehensive approach has been taken since 1992 when both the government R&D project and Micromachine Center were initiated. Micromachine is a new technological paradigm and has the same potential benefit as today’s macromachine. Micromachine will take considerable time span to be completed for full-fledge application. Until then, a wide range of approaches, i.e. R&D, dissemination, international exchange are indispensable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050061
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved creep resistance of Si3N4/SiC nanocomposites fabricated from amorphous Si-C-N precursor powder (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 505-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275414
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