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  • Articles  (543)
  • 1995-1999  (543)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Leishmania promastigote surface antigen-2 (PSA-2) is specifically recognised by Th1 cells in humans with naturally acquired immunity to L. major (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 20 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The promastigote surface antigen-2 (PSA-2) is a Leishmania parasite antigen, which can induce Th1-mediated protection against murine leishmaniasis when used as a vaccine. To evaluate PSA-2 as a human vaccine candidate the specific T-cell response to PSA-2 was characterised in individuals immune to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sudanese individuals with a past history of self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis proliferated vigorously in response to PSA-2 isolated from Leishmania major, whereas the antigen did not activate cells from presumably unexposed Danes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with previous L. major infection had varying proliferative responses to PSA-2 derived from L. donovani promastigotes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by PSA-2 from L. major produced high amounts of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-β, and little interleukin-4, thereby showing a Th1 cytokine pattern. Parallel cultures showed clear Th1 and Th2 response patterns to purified protein derivative of tuberculin or tetanus toxoid, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that PSA-2 induced blastogenesis in the CD3 positive population and that these cells were the major source of interferon-γ. The results show that Th1-like cells recognising PSA-2 are expanded during infection by L. major and that they maintain their Th1-like cytokine profile upon reactivation in vitro. Since immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis is mediated by antigen-specific Th1-like cells, PSA-2 might be considered a vaccine candidate for human leishmaniasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01129.x
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  • 2
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    TheLeishmaniapromastigote surface antigen-2 (PSA-2) is specifically recognised by Th1 cells in humans with naturally acquired immunity toL. major (1998)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2049-632X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Federation of European Microbiological Societies.
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Improved Synthesis of a Template for .alpha.-Helix Formation (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 454-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00107a028
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thermal diffusivity of thin films and foils using a laser scanning microscope (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel method for measuring the thermal diffusivity of free-standing foils and thin films is described and has been used to measure the thermal diffusivity of gold and amorphous silicon foils. The method involves scanning the surface of the film using a sinusoidally modulated, finely focused laser beam and monitoring the thermovoltage developed at a fixed point on its surface. A thermal wave spreads out from the point where the laser spot irradiates the foil which depends only on the thermal properties of the film material and the modulation frequency. Measuring the phase of the thermovoltage, which in turn is generated due to the thermal wave, the thermal diffusivity of the films was determined. The experiments were performed in vacuum so that convective heat losses could be neglected. The thermal diffusivity of 100-nm-thick gold foils was found to be 1.17×10−4 m2/s and that of 200-nm-thick amorphous silicon foils was determined to be 0.062×10−4 m2/s. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145255
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active skarn formation beneath Lascar Volcano, northern Chile: a petrographic and geochemical study of xenoliths in eruption products (1996)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 14 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Calcsilicate xenoliths occur in large numbers in some lavas and pyroclastic flows of Lascar Volcano. Their whole-rock major element and REE compositions indicate that the protolith was the Upper Cretaceous Yacoraite Formation, which crops out extensively in NW Argentina. The whole-rock major element compositions of the xenoliths fall into specific groups suggesting a strong geochemical zonation in the skarn zone. Three geochemical zones have been identified; (1) an outer metamorphic zone rich in wollastonite; (2) a middle zone rich in pyroxene and garnet; (3) an inner zone rich in pyroxene and magnetite. The two innermost zones have developed from the wollastonite zone by infiltration of metasomatic fluids rich in Fe, Mn, Mg, Ti and Al. Whole-rock REE patterns have not changed significantly during prograde metamorphism and metasomatism, indicating REE immobility in the altering fluids. Retrograde alteration by acid-sulphate fluids produced anhydrite skarns and secondary calcite and wilkeite veins in the wollastonite zone. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of this calcite indicate that it formed by Rayleigh crystallization from a low-temperature (〈200 °C) fluid containing dissolved H2CO3. The calculated δ18O of the water in this fluid suggests a magmatic origin whereas the calculated δ13C of the dissolved carbonate is consistent with derivation from rocks of the Yacoraite Formation at 350 °C. It is suggested that the magmatic acid-sulphate fluid was responsible for leaching carbonate from the surrounding carbonate rocks and redepositing it in the skarn zone. REEs were mobilized during the retrograde acid-sulphate and acid-carbonate alteration. A negative Ce anomaly associated with this carbonate and sulphate indicates high oxygen fugacities in the mineralizing fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.00359.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The loess soils of China as records of climatic change (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 49 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The sequence of palaeosols and intervening loess units in North China provides a sensitive, detailed record of global climatic changes over the last 2.5 million years. Although various depth functions of properties, notably magnetic susceptibility, have been successfully correlated with oxygen isotope records from the deep oceans, there is a need to improve our understanding of such proxy measures used to infer past climates. For instance, pedologists are well placed to address some of the uncertainties surrounding the origin of the enhanced magnetic susceptibility (MS) values in palaeosols, and the reconstruction of palaeoprecipitation patterns by application of MS climofunctions. There are few published field descriptions of the soils buried in the loess, and those available often fail to recognize their accretionary and polycyclic nature. Field and micromorphological techniques enable finely detailed reconstructions of the pedogenic and sedimentary signals held in both palaeosol and loess units. Micromorphology, in particular, has provided detailed environmental information on successive pedosedimentary developmental stages at several sites in the Loess Plateau of China. This approach re-focuses attention on the local, climatically sensitive mechanisms that underpin the inferred global patterns of climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4940525.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regrowth, morphology and persistence of Grasslands Puna chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in response to grazing frequency and intensity (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Effects of different grazing frequencies and intensities on herbage production (on both a unit pasture and individual plant basis) and on persistence of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Grasslands Puna) were studied at Palmerston North, New Zealand (latitude 40°23′S) from November 1994 to November 1995. Three experiments were conducted on the same chicory stand, sown on 12 May 1994. The main grazing experiment had two grazing intensities, hard-lax grazing (50- to 100-mm stem stubble to mid-January, and thereafter 100- to 150-mm stem stubble) and lax grazing (100- to 150-mm stem stubble), and three grazing frequencies (1-, 2- or 4-week intervals). A subsidiary plant survival experiment compared the survival of 120 marked plants in ungrazed and grazed treatments. A late autumn grazing experiment examined the effects on plant persistence in the following spring. The greatest herbage mass (leaf + stem) resulted from the 4-week grazing frequency [9640 ± 874 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1], in which stem mass was reasonably low (1270 ± 410 kg DM ha−1), but was significantly higher in the 4-week grazing frequency than 1- and 2-week grazing frequencies (P 〈 0·01). Grazing intensity had no significant effect except on the average stem mass of individual plants when the hard-lax intensity gave a lower stem mass (P 〈 0·01). There were no interactions between grazing frequency and intensity in herbage mass. Plant density declined by 35% over the growing season with the decline unaffected by grazing intensity or frequency during the season. Grazing in late autumn resulted in approximately 27% less plants the following spring. It was concluded that grazing management through the growing season cannot be used to improve persistence without compromising leaf growth rate, but that avoidance of grazing late autumn will improve the persistence of chicory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1997.00051.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase: Revised Amino Acid Sequence, Site-Directed Mutagenesis, and Microenvironment Characteristics of Cysteines 365 and 458 (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 6382-6388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00019a017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor Price Equalization under Imperfect Competition (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of international economics 5 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper describes a class of imperfectly competitive world economies for which factor price equalization is inevitable. Specifically, it is shown that factor price equalization must prevail if the trading economies differ at most in scale, if they share a constant-returns no-joint-products technology, and if each oligopolistic industry produces a commodity which, directly or indirectly, is internationally tradable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00047
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current-voltage characteristics of molecular wires: Eigenvalue staircase, Coulomb blockade, and rectification (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 7296-7305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the current vs voltage curves (I–V characteristics) of a mesoscopic device consisting of two electrodes and a molecular wire. The wire Hamiltonian includes both electronic tunneling and Coulomb repulsion within a Hubbard model that is treated at the Hartree–Fock level. The inclusion of electron repulsion is an extension of our previous work that only considered the case of noninteracting electrons. We have found several important features in the calculated characteristics of the wire. These include (1) a staircaselike structure that strongly resembles that associated with Coulomb blockade in heterostructures and quantum dots, but that in the case of the wire is associated with the discrete nature of the molecular resonances; (2) regions of negative differential resistance associated with increased localization of the molecular resonances. Our theoretical model includes a consistent treatment of the conduction in the linear and nonlinear regimes which remains valid even when the device is operated close to resonance. These results can be particularly relevant for a comparison with recent experiments on molecular wires. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471396
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