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Identification of a mating type-like locus in the asexual pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (1999)

C. M. Hull ; A. D. Johnson

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 285(5431): 1271-5.

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Publication Date: 1999-08-24

Description: Candida albicans, the most prevalent fungal pathogen in humans, is thought to lack a sexual cycle. A set of C. albicans genes has been identified that corresponds to the master sexual cycle regulators a1, alpha1, and alpha2 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating-type (MAT) locus. The C. albicans genes are arranged in a way that suggests that these genes are part of a mating type-like locus that is similar to the mating-type loci of other fungi. In addition to the transcriptional regulators a1, alpha1, and alpha2, the C. albicans mating type-like locus contains several genes not seen in other fungal MAT loci, including those encoding proteins similar to poly(A) polymerases, oxysterol binding proteins, and phosphatidylinositol kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hull, C M -- Johnson, A D -- GM37049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1271-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Candida albicans/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Genes, Fungal ; *Genes, Mating Type, Fungal ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/genetics ; Receptors, Steroid/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Control of filament formation in Candida albicans by the transcriptional repressor TUP1 (1997)

B. R. Braun ; A. D. Johnson

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 277(5322): 105-9.

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Publication Date: 1997-07-04

Description: The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans regulates its cellular morphology in response to environmental conditions. Ellipsoidal, single cells (blastospores) predominate in rich media, whereas filaments composed of elongated cells that are attached end-to-end form in response to starvation, serum, and other conditions. The TUP1 gene, which encodes a general transcriptional repressor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was isolated from C. albicans and disrupted. The resulting tup1 mutant strain of C. albicans grew exclusively as filaments under all conditions tested. TUP1 was epistatic to the transcriptional activator CPH1, previously found to promote filamentous growth. The results suggest a model where TUP1 represses genes responsible for initiating filamentous growth and this repression is lifted under inducing environmental conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Braun, B R -- Johnson, A D -- GM37049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):105-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Candida albicans/*cytology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Culture Media ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Fungal ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phenotype ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Alignment ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Crystal structure of the MATa1/MAT alpha 2 homeodomain heterodimer bound to DNA (1995)

T. Li ; M. R. Stark ; A. D. Johnson ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 270(5234): 262-9.

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Publication Date: 1995-10-13

Description: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa1 and MAT alpha 2 homeodomain proteins, which play a role in determining yeast cell type, form a heterodimer that binds DNA and represses transcription in a cell type-specific manner. Whereas the alpha 2 and a1 proteins on their own have only modest affinity for DNA, the a1/alpha 2 heterodimer binds DNA with high specificity and affinity. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the a1/alpha 2 homeodomain heterodimer bound to DNA was determined at a resolution of 2.5 A. The a1 and alpha 2 homeodomains bind in a head-to-tail orientation, with heterodimer contacts mediated by a 16-residue tail located carboxyl-terminal to the alpha 2 homeodomain. This tail becomes ordered in the presence of a1, part of it forming a short amphipathic helix that packs against the a1 homeodomain between helices 1 and 2. A pronounced 60 degree bend is induced in the DNA, which makes possible protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts that could not take place in a straight DNA fragment. Complex formation mediated by flexible protein-recognition peptides attached to stably folded DNA binding domains may prove to be a general feature of the architecture of other classes of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, T -- Stark, M R -- Johnson, A D -- Wolberger, C -- GM-37049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):262-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription, Genetic

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Electronic Resource

Uncooled high-speed InSb field-effect transistors (1995)

Ashley, T. ; Dean, A. B. ; Elliott, C. T. ; [et al.]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 481-483

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: InSb enhancement-mode, metal-insulator-semiconductor, field-effect transistors with 1 μm gate lengths have been fabricated. When operated at room temperature with less than 0.5 V applied between the source and drain, the transistors have a static dynamic range in excess of 20 dB, a cut-off frequency (fT) of 14 GHz and a transconductance, at 1 GHz, of 230 mS mm−1. Analysis of the parasitic capacitances indicates an intrinsic fT of about 90 GHz. The static electron mobility in the channel is 2×104 cm2 V−1 s−1, so a carrier velocity of about 3.7×107 cm s−1 should be attained. This leads to a predicted frequency response of 84 GHz, in reasonable agreement with the intrinsic microwave data.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114063

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Electronic Resource

Mid-infrared In1−xAlxSb/InSb heterostructure diode lasers (1997)

Ashley, T. ; Elliott, C. T. ; Jefferies, R. ; [et al.]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 931-933

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Stimulated emission at 5.1 μm was demonstrated from a broad area In1−xAlxSb/InSb heterostructure diode laser grown by molecular beam epitaxy. For a 5 μs pulse and a 500 Hz repetition rate the threshold current density was 1480 A cm−2 at 77 K and the maximum operating temperature was 90 K at a current density of 2680 A cm−2. Maximum peak power output was estimated to be 28 mW per facet at 77 K and 4500 A cm−2.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118444

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Electronic Resource

The structure and chemistry of CH3 and CH radicals adsorbed on Ni(111) (1995)

Yang, Q. Y. ; Maynard, K. J. ; Johnson, A. D. ; [et al.]

College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 7734-7749

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ISSN: 1089-7690

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of CH3, CH2D, and CD3 adsorbed on Ni(111) and the products of their reactions is presented. The synthesis of adsorbed methyl radicals from CH4, CH3D, or CD4 is effected by molecular beam techniques. The ability to measure these spectra by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) at higher resolution (35 cm−1) and higher sensitivity (5×106 counts/s) has allowed new features to be observed and a symmetry analysis to be carried out. It is concluded that the CH3 radical is adsorbed with C3v symmetry on a threefold hollow site. The symmetric C–H stretch mode of CH3 and the overtone of the antisymmetric deformation mode are observed to be in Fermi resonance. At temperatures above 150 K, CH3 dissociates to form adsorbed CH. Confirmation for the assignment to a CH species is found in the observation that the spectrum measured after thermal decomposition of CH2D is a superposition of those from the decomposition of CH3 and CD3. The adsorption site of the CH species is concluded to be a threefold hollow site and the geometry of the Ni3–C–H is concluded to be pyramidal. At temperatures above 250 K, carbon–carbon bond formation between the CH species is observed to yield C2H2. Low coverages of C2H2 are shown to dehydrogenate at 400 K. High coverages of C2H2 are shown conclusively to trimerize to form adsorbed benzene in contrast to a literature report of C2H2 dissociation to adsorbed CH at these temperatures. The relative stabilities of the hydrocarbon species on Ni(111) are determined to be CH3〈CH+2H 〈1/2C2H2+2H〈1/6C6H6+H2(g). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469026

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