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  • spring wheat  (2)
  • clustering  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat tolerance in spring wheat. I. Estimating cellular thermotolerance and its heritability (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 104 (1998), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: spring wheat ; heat tolerance ; heat stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract High temperature is a major environmental stress factor limiting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Improvement of heat tolerance in wheat is an important breeding objective. Genetic variation in cellular thermotolerance among 56 spring wheat cultivars was evaluated at the seedling stage of growth by cell membrane thermostability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) assays. A subset of eight lines was also evaluated at the flowering stage using the same assays. With both assays Average thermotolerance tended to decrease from the seedling to the flowering stages. However, thermotolerance was well correlated between growth stages among the eight cultivars for both CMS (r = 0.92; p = 0.004) and TTC (r = 0.84; p = 0.050). The correlation between TTC and CMS among the eight cultivars tested at the seedling and the flowering growth stages was significant (r = 0.74; p = 0.031 and r = 0.75; p = 0.029, respectively). The same correlation was less strong, though still significant (r = 0.32; p = 0.014) across 56 cultivars at the seedling stage. In a study of the cross V747 (tolerant)/Barkaee (susceptible), broad sense heritability was estimated at 89% for TTC. Most of the genetic variance was additive. CMS in seedlings of 16 cultivars was positively and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated with yields of these cultivars in each of four hot environments in Mexico, Sudan, India, and Brazil. The same correlations for TTC were positive but nonsignificant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018346901363
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat tolerance in spring wheat. II. Grain filling (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 104 (1998), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: spring wheat ; heat tolerance ; heat stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Heat stress during grain filling is a major constraint to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between stem reserves as a constitutive trait and of thermotolerance to sustained wheat grain filling under heat stress. Significant variation was seen among cultivars in the reduction in grain weight per ear (RGW), kernel number, and single kernel weight under heat stress. Differences in RGW among cultivars were ascribed to variation in the reduction in both kernel number and kernel weight under heat stress. Variation in the potential capacity for using mobilized stem reserves among cultivars was ascribed to variations in both kernel number and kernel weight under defoliation and ear shading. There was a strong negative correlation across cultivars (r = − 0.96; p ≤ 0.01) between RGW and PSR. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.92; p ≤ 0.01) was found across cultivars between the rate of chlorophyll loss under heat stress and photosynthate stem reserves (PSR) indicating that a high potential capacity for utilizing stem reserves for grain filling may be linked with accelerated leaf senescence. There was a strong negative association across cultivars between RGW and cell membrane thermostability at seedling (r = − 0.98) and the flowering (r = − 0.92; p ≤ 0.01) growth stages. The results indicate that grain filling under heat stress is closely related to the capacity for stem reserve remobilization as a constitutive trait and to plant thermotolerance as expressed by CMS in heat-hardened seedlings or adult plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018322502271
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity among germplasm lines of the Ethiopian cereal tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 106 (1999), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: clustering ; diversity ; Eragrostis tef ; genetic advance ; germplasm ; heritability ; principal components ; tef
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three hundred twenty germplasm lines of the major Ethiopian cereal, tef, [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], were evaluated for 20 morphological, phenological and agronomic characters in two-replicated randomized complete blocks at Debre Zeit and Melkassa Agricultural Research Centers in Ethiopia during the 1995 main season. The objectives were to assess the diversity of the lines, and to estimate the broad sense heritability (H) and genetic advance (GA) of the various characters. The mean squares of genotypes were highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) for all the traits. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation ranged in that order from about 6–40% and 3–23% for days to maturity and grain yield/plant, and days to maturity and number of spikelets/main shoot panicle, respectively. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into 14 major complexes consisting of one to 183 lines. Of the 19 principal components involved in explaining the entire variation among the genotypes the first five which had eigenvalues of more than one explained about 73.8%. The first principal component which accounted for about 34% of the total variance was due chiefly to plant height, culm and panicle length, diameters of the two basal culm internodes, main shoot panicle mass and grain yield, number of main shoot panicle branches and spikelets, and days to panicle emergence and maturity. Estimates of H varied from about 22% for length of the lowest main shoot stem internode to 74% for number of main shoot panicle branches. Values of GA (expected from selection of the superior 5% of the lines and expressed relative to the means) ranged from about 3% for days to maturity to 36% for number of spikelets/main shoot panicle. Overall, the study indicated the existence of trait diversity in tef germplasm and this can be exploited in the genetic improvement of the crop through hybridization and selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003582431039
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