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  • 1
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Am. Inst. Min. Metal. Petr. Eng., vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 105-112, pp. 2324, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: AnisotropyS ; Physical properties of rocks ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; GJI
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  • 2
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Amsterdam, 4, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 82-102, pp. 1334, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Scattering ; Inhomogeneity ; Seismology ; GJI
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  • 3
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 1390-1394, pp. L19606, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Seismology ; seismic Moment ; Moment tensor ; BSSA
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  • 4
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 289-303, pp. L11308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Boundary Element Method ; Modelling ; Hydraulic fracturing ; Stress ; Seismology ; interface ; Waves ; GJI
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  • 5
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kunming, China, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 103, no. B1, pp. 707-725, pp. 1058, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Seismology ; Synthetic seismograms ; phase ; screen ; Modelling ; Wave propagation ; Zoeppritz ; refraction ; P-waves ; SV waves ; JGR ; Inhomogeneity ; backscattering
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〉 60 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〉 300 mg dm-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〈 1 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〈 15 mg dm-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 125 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Continuity conditions are derived for a fault modelled as a plane with isolated areas of slip. These slip areas are, for simplicity, taken to be such that their overall effect is that of a distribution of circular cracks; discontinuities in both normal and tangential components of displacement are allowed, depending on the internal conditions. Dry (gas-filled), partial or saturated liquid fill, or a fill of a weak visco-elastic solid are possible within the theory. the results are given in terms of the mean wave, which, at wavelengths long compared with the scale-lengths of the fault structure, is an accurate approximation to the displacement field. the continuity conditions that arise under this scheme are identical to those for a thin layer of visco-elastic material. However, unlike earlier, more empirical models of an ‘averaged’ fault, the parameters involved are directly related to the fault structure and include crack-crack interactions. It is clear from earlier work that a fault of this type is capable of supporting Stoneley waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 124 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper studies the effect on the overall properties of a cracked solid of the existence of connections between otherwise isolated cracks and of small-scale porosity within the ‘solid’ material. The intention is to provide effective medium models for the calculation of elastic wave propagation with wavelengths greater than the dimensions of the cracks. The method follows that of earlier papers in which the overall elastic properties are directly related to parameters governing the microstructure, such as crack number density and the mean radius and spacing distance of the cracks. Expressions derived by the method of smoothing are evaluated to second order in the number density of cracks, thereby incorporating crack–crack interactions through both the strain field in the solid and the flow field of fluids in the pores.Flow of interstitial liquids tends to weaken the material; the limit of zero flow is equivalent to isolating the cracks and the limit of free flow is equivalent to dry (gas-filled) cracks. It also introduces additional attenuation. The inclusion of small-scale porosity gives a model of ‘equant porosity’ which is more closely constrained by the details of crack dynamics than earlier models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Elastic scattering from a continuous and laterally unbounded heterogeneous layer has been formulated using the Born approximation. A general solution of the scattered wave equation for the above-stated medium has been given in terms of a Fourier integral over plane waves. Far-field asymptotic expressions for weak elastic scattering by a finite, continuous and inhomogeneous layer have been presented which agree with earlier results. For perturbations of the two elastic parameters and the density having the same form of spatial variation, the spectrum of plane waves scattered from a heterogeneous layer is expressed as a product of an ‘elastic scattering factor’and a ‘distribution factor’. As in earlier results for small-scale heterogeneity, the scattering pattern depends on various combinations of perturbations of elastic parameters and density. In order to show the general characteristics of the elastic wave scattering, some scattering patterns have been given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 126 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, we develop an elastodynamic energy transport theory to form expressions for energy transmission through a heterogeneous continuum of large extent. A model of multiple scattering for a random elastic continuum is constructed by an iterative method based on single scattering by a thin heterogeneous layer or screen. This model is available both for strong scattering and for weak scattering, and both for common-type scattering (P-P and S-S) and for converted scattering (P-S and S-P), although here we assume high frequencies so that only forward scattering and common-type scattering are considered. Numerical results have been obtained in terms of the angular spectrum of the energy flux in successive orders of scattering. These results show that coda waves in seismograms mainly come from the scattering of S waves. They also indicate the limits within which first-order scattering can be used, and when, on the other hand, the scattered radiation is dominated by multiple scattering. The results are directly applicable to measurements of seismic energy flux in frequency-surface-wavenumber space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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