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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Arctic ; adaptation ; copper ; distribution limit ; genetics ; geographic cline ; Macoma balthica ; stress sensitivity ; survival in air
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stress sensitivity, determined in copper exposureexperiments and in survival in air tests, and thegenetic structure, measured by means of isoenzymeelectrophoresis, were assessed in populations of theBaltic clam Macoma balthica (L.) from itssouthern to its northern distribution limit, in orderto test the hypotheses that near the distributionlimit the clams would be more stress sensitive andwould have a lower genetic variability. Thepopulations in west and north Europe show a stronggenetic resemblance. The populations in the sub-ArcticWhite Sea are genetically slightly different, and showa low stress sensitivity. The populations in theArctic Pechora Sea are genetically very distant fromthe other populations, and show the lowest stresssensitivity. Near the southern distribution limit, inagreement with the hypotheses, genetic variability islow and stress sensitivity high. On the other hand, incontrast to expectation, near the northerndistribution limit, in the populations of the PechoraSea, the genetic variability was higher, thus notreduced, and the stress sensitivity was low comparedto all other populations. Yet, it remains a questionif such is due to gradual physiologicalacclimatization (and ongoing differential selection)or to genetic adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: 3-(S)-(1-phenylethyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-ones ; 3-(S)-(1-phenylethyl)-rhodanines ; CD spectra ; empirical force field calculations ; theoretical calculation of CD spectra ; chromatographic diastereomer separation ; triacetylcellulose ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-(S)-(1-phenylethyl)-5-methyl- and 5-phenyl-rhodanine have been studied by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystals of the 5-methyl compound were shown to contain equal amounts of the 5-(R) and 5-(S) diastereomers, while the crystals of the 5-phenyl compound only contain the 5-(S) diastereomer. The UV and CD spectra of the 5-H2 compound have been analyzed on the basis of CNDO/S calculations, and the CD spectrum has been reproduced by semiempirical calculations.The 5-methyl diastereomers can be partly separated by chromatography on triacetylcellulose, and the CD spectra of the individual forms can be evaluated. The 5-phenyl compound undergoes rapid epimerization in solution, and also for this compound the CD spectra of both forms can be evaluated. The contribution of the 5-substituent follows Ripperger's sector rule for dithiocarbamates. Chirality 9:568-577, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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