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  • Gryllus bimaculatus  (1)
  • acidity  (1)
  • Nuclear reaction
  • 1995-1999  (2)
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  • 1995-1999  (2)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two antagonistic functions of neural groups of the femoral chordotonal organ underlie thanatosis in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 143-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Femoral chordotonal organ ; Thanatosis ; Catalepsy ; Cricket ; Gryllus bimaculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cricket Gryllus bimaculatus displayed freezing (thanatosis) after struggling while the femoro-tibial joints of the walking legs were forcibly restrained. Myographic recording indicated that strong contraction of the flexor tibia muscle “leg flexion response” occurred under this restrained condition. During thanatosis, when the femoro-tibial joint was passively displaced and held for several seconds, it maintained its new position (catalepsy). Only discharge of the slow flexor units was mechanically indispensable for maintaining thanatosis and catalepsy. Differing roles of identified neuron subgroups of the femoral chordotonal organ were elucidated using this behavioral substrate. Ablation of the dorsal group neurons in the ventral scoloparium strengthened the leg flexion response and the normal resistance reflex, while ablation of the ventral group weakened both motor outputs. Ablation of the dorsal scoloparium neurons, or other main sensory nerves caused no detectable deficiency in femoro-tibial joint control. These results imply that both modes of flexor muscle activation promoted by the ventral group neurons are normally held under inhibitory control by the dorsal group. It is hypothesized that this antagonistic function causes immobilization of the femoro-tibial joint in a wide range of angles in thanatosis and catalepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050373
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of organic carbon on acid rain in a temperate forest in Japan (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2345-2350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: precipitation ; throughfall ; stemflow ; acidity ; DOC ; ion balances ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract From recent studies, we noticed that stemflow had an acidity that differed from that of precipitation or throughfall. Organic substances, supplied from the tree surface, would be one of the factors that modifies the acidity of rain. The objectives of this study were to determine the DOC concentration and to clarify the influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on acidity in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow. Throughfall and stemflow were measured in sugi [Cryptomeria japonica D. Don], hinoki [Chamaecyparis obutusa Endl.] and kojii [Castanopsis cuspidata (Thumb.) Schottky.] stands. All samples were analyzed for their pH, electric conductivity (EC), major inorganic anions and cations and DOC concentration. The annual average of DOC was highest in stemflow, and that of throughfall and precipitation were one-third and one-tenth of stemflow, respectively. The averages of DOC in stemflow in two coniferous, sugi and hinoki stands, were higher than that of broadleaved kojii stand. DOC concentration was low in summer and high in winter in all stands. In Stemflow, pH and DOC were negatively correlated, while EC and DOC in stemflow were positively correlated in all stands. However in throughfall, there was no evident relationship between pH, DOC and EC. This relationship was not explained by the cause of organic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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