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  • Chemistry  (28)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (14)
  • Environment Pollution  (12)
  • Female  (5)
  • Geophysics  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (63)
  • 1
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    Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation has been implicated in many cellular responses, including fibroblast growth, transformation, survival, and chemotaxis. Although PI3K is activated by several agents that stimulate T and B cells, the role of PI3K in lymphocyte function is not clear. The mouse gene encoding the PI3K adapter subunit p85alpha and its splice variants p55alpha and p50alpha was disrupted. Most p85alpha-p55alpha-p50alpha-/- mice die within days after birth. Lymphocyte development and function was studied with the use of the RAG2-deficient blastocyst complementation system. Chimeric mice had reduced numbers of peripheral mature B cells and decreased serum immunoglobulin. The B cells that developed had diminished proliferative responses to antibody to immunoglobulin M, antibody to CD40, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation and decreased survival after incubation with interleukin-4. In contrast, T cell development and proliferation was normal. This phenotype is similar to defects observed in mice lacking the tyrosine kinase Btk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fruman, D A -- Snapper, S B -- Yballe, C M -- Davidson, L -- Yu, J Y -- Alt, F W -- Cantley, L C -- R01 GM041890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):393-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. dfruman@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD45/analysis ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/*immunology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Cycle ; Chimera ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Frameshift mutants of beta amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin-B in Alzheimer's and Down patients (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-31
    Description: The cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's and Down syndrome patients is characterized by the presence of protein deposits in neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads. These structures were shown to contain forms of beta amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin-B that are aberrant (+1 proteins) in the carboxyl terminus. The +1 proteins were not found in young control patients, whereas the presence of ubiquitin-B+1 in elderly control patients may indicate early stages of neurodegeneration. The two species of +1 proteins displayed cellular colocalization, suggesting a common origin, operating at the transcriptional level or by posttranscriptional editing of RNA. This type of transcript mutation is likely an important factor in the widely occurring nonfamilial early- and late-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Leeuwen, F W -- de Kleijn, D P -- van den Hurk, H H -- Neubauer, A -- Sonnemans, M A -- Sluijs, J A -- Koycu, S -- Ramdjielal, R D -- Salehi, A -- Martens, G J -- Grosveld, F G -- Peter, J -- Burbach, H -- Hol, E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 9;279(5348):242-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School for Neurosciences Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.van.leeuwen@nih.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9422699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aging/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/analysis/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Cortex/chemistry/pathology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Hippocampus/chemistry/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurites/chemistry ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry ; Neuropil/chemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Editing ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic ; Ubiquitins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A system for low field imaging of laser-polarized noble gas (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We describe a device for performing MRI with laser-polarized noble gas at low magnetic fields (〈50 G). The system is robust, portable, inexpensive, and provides gas-phase imaging resolution comparable to that of high field clinical instruments. At 20.6 G, we have imaged laser-polarized (3)He (Larmor frequency of 67 kHz) in both sealed glass cells and excised rat lungs, using approximately 0.1 G/cm gradients to achieve approximately 1 mm(2) resolution. In addition, we measured (3)He T(2)(*) times greater than 100 ms in excised rat lungs, which is roughly 20 times longer than typical values observed at high ( approximately 2 T) fields. We include a discussion of the practical considerations for working at low magnetic fields and conclude with evidence of radiation damping in this system. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) (ISSN 1090-7807); Volume 141; 2; 217-27
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  • 4
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    Atmos/Atlas 3 Infrared Profile Measurements of Trace Gases in The November 1994 Tropical and Subtropical Upper Troposphere (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: Vertical mixing ratio profiles of four relatively long-lives gases, HCN, C2H2, CO, and C2H6, have been retrieved from 0.01/cm resolution infrared solar occultation spectra recorded between latitudes of 5.3degN and 31.4degN. The observations were obtained by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer during the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS) 3 shuttle flight, 3-12 November 1994. Elevated mixing ratios below the tropopause were measured for these gases during several of the occultations. The positive correlations obtained between the simultaneously measured mixing ratios suggest that the enhancements are likely the result of surface emissions, most likely biomass burning and/or urban industrial activities, followed by common injection via deep convective transport of the gases to the upper troposphere. The elevated levels of HCN may account for at least part of the "missing NO," in the upper troposphere. Comparisons of the observations with values measured during a recent aircraft campaign are presented.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; Volume 60; No. 5; 891-901
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  • 5
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    ATMOS/ATLAS 3 Infrared Profile Measurements of Clouds in the Tropical and Subtropical Upper Troposphere (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: Vertical profiles of infrared cirrus extinction have been derived from tropical and subtropical upper tropospheric solar occultation spectra. The measurements were recorded by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer during the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences (ATLAS) 3 shuttle flight in November 1994. The presence of large numbers of small ice crystals is inferred from the appearance of broad extinction features in the 8-12 micron region. These features were observed near the tropopause and at lower altitudes. Vertical profiles of the ice extinction (/km) in microwindows at 831, 957, and 1204/cm have been retrieved from the spectra and analyzed with a model for randomly oriented spheroidal ice crystals. An area-equivalent spherical radius of 6 microns is estimated from the smallest ice crystals observed in the 8-12 gm region. Direct penetration of clouds into the lower stratosphere is inferred from observations of cloud extinction extending from the upper troposphere to 50 mbar (20 km altitude). Cloud extinction between 3 and 5 microns shows very little wavelength dependence, at least for the cases observed by the ATMOS instrument in the tropics and subtropics during ATLAS 3.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; Volume 60; No. 5; 902-919
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  • 6
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    Atmos/Atlas 3 Infrared Profile Measurements of Clouds in the Tropical and Subtropical Upper Troposphere (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: Vertical profiles of infrared cirrus extinction have been derived from tropical and subtropical upper tropospheric solar occultation spectra. The measurements were recorded by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer during the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences (ATLAS) 3 shuttle flight in November 1994. The presence of large numbers of small ice crystals is inferred from the appearance of broad extinction features in the 8-12 micron region. These features were observed near the tropopause and at lower altitudes. Vertical profiles of the ice extinction (/km) in microwindows at 831, 957, and 1204/cm have been retrieved from the spectra and analyzed with a model for randomly oriented spheroidal ice crystals. An area-equivalent spherical radius of 6 gm is estimated from the smallest ice crystals observed in the 8-12 micron region. Direct penetration of clouds into the lower stratosphere is inferred from observations of cloud extinction extending from the upper troposphere to 50 mbar (20 km altitude). Cloud extinction between 3 and 5 micron shows very little wavelength dependence, at least for the cases observed by the ATMOS instrument in the tropics and subtropics during ATLAS 3.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscoy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 60; 5; 903-919
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Polar Stratospheric Descent of NO(y) and CO and Arctic Denitrification During Winter 1992-1993 (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Observations inside the November 1994 Antarctic stratospheric vortex and inside the April 1993 remnant Arctic stratospheric vortex by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer are reported. In both instances, elevated volume mixing ratios (VMRS) of carbon monoxide (CO) were measured. A peak Antarctic CO VMR of 60 ppbv (where 1 ppbv = 10(exp -9) per unit Volume) was measured at a potential temperature of 710 K (about 27 km), about 1 km below the altitude of a pocket of elevated NO(y) (total reactive nitrogen) at a deep minimum in N2O (〈5 ppbv). The Arctic observations also show a region of elevated vortex CO with a peak VMR of 90 ppbv it 630-670 K (-25 km) but no corresponding enhancement in NO(sub y) perhaps because of stronger dynamical activity in the northern hemisphere polar winter and/or interannual variability in the production of mesospheric or lower thermospheric NO. By comparing vortex and extravortex observations of NO(y) obtained at the same N2O VMR, Arctic vortex denitrification of 5 +/- 2 ppbv at 470 K (at approximately 18 km) is inferred. We show that our conclusion of substantial Arctic winter 1992-1993 denitrification is robust by comparing our extravortex observations with previous polar measurements obtained over a wide range of winter conditions. Correlations of NO(y) with N2O measured at the same potential temperature by ATMOS in the Arctic vortex and at midlatitudes on board the ER-2 aircraft several weeks later lie along the same mixing line. The result demonstrates the consistency of the two data sets and confirms that the ER-2 sampled fragments of the denitrified Arctic vortex following its breakup. An analysis of the ATMOS Arctic measurements of total hydrogen shows no evidence for significant dehydration inside the vortex.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Paper-1998JD100034 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 104; D1; 1847-1861
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  • 8
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    Stratospheric NO and NO2 Abundances from ATMOS Solar-Occultation Measurements (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Using results from a time-dependent photochemical model to calculate the diurnal variation of NO and NO2, we have corrected Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) solar-occultation retrievals of the NO and NO2 abundances at 90' solar zenith angle. Neglecting to adjust for the rapid variation of these gases across the terminator results in potential errors in retrieved profiles of approximately 20% for NO2 and greater than 100% for NC at altitudes below 25 km. Sensitivity analysis indicates that knowledge of the local 03 and temperature profiles, rather than zonal mean or climatological conditions of these quantities, is required to obtain reliable retrievals of NO and NO2 in the lower stratosphere. Extremely inaccurate 03 or temperature values at 20 km can result in 50% errors in retrieved NO or NO2. Mixing ratios of NO in the mid-latitude, lower stratosphere measured by ATMOS during the November 1994 ATLAS-3 mission compare favorably with in situ ER-2 observations, providing strong corroboration of the reliability of the adjusted space-borne measurements.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Paper-96GL01196 , ATLAS Series of Shuttle Missions (ISSN 0094-8534); 23; 17; 2373-2376; NASA-TM-112752
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  • 9
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    Low-field MRI of laser polarized noble gas (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NMR images of laser polarized 3He gas were obtained at 21 G using a simple, homebuilt instrument. At such low fields magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of thermally polarized samples (e.g., water) is not practical. Low-field noble gas MRI has novel scientific, engineering, and medical applications. Examples include portable systems for diagnosis of lung disease, as well as imaging of voids in porous media and within metallic systems.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Physical review letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 81; 17; 3785-8
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  • 10
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    Seasonal Variations of Water Vapor in the Lower Stratosphere Inferred from ATMOS/ATLAS-3 Measurements of H2O and CH4 (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Stratospheric measurements of H2O and CH4 by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer on the ATLAS-3 shuttle flight in November 1994 have been examined to investigate the altitude and geographic variability of H2O and the quantity H = (H2O + 2CH4) in the tropics and at mid-latitudes (8 to 49 deg N) in the northern hemisphere. The measurements indicate an average value of 7.24 plus or minus 0.44 ppmv for H between altitudes of about 18 to 35 km, corresponding to an annual average water vapor mixing ratio of 3.85 plus or minus 0.29 ppmv entering the stratosphere. The H2O vertical distribution in the tropics exhibits a wave-like structure in the 16- to 25-km altitude range, suggestive of seasonal variations in the water vapor transported from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The hygropause appears to be nearly coincident with the tropopause at the time of observations. This is consistent with the phase of the seasonal cycle of H2O in the lower stratosphere, since the ATMOS observations were made in November when the H2O content of air injected into the stratosphere from the troposphere is decreasing from its seasonal peak in July - August.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Paper-96GL01321 , ATLAS Series of Shuttle Missions (ISSN 0094-8534); 23; 17; 2401-2404; NASA-TM-112752
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