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  • Chemistry  (2)
  • Brassica  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning to discriminate between infochemicals from different plant-host complexes by the parasitoids Cotesia glomerata and C. rubecula (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cotesia glomerata ; C. rubecula ; Pieris ; Brassica ; Tropaeolum ; crucifers ; learning ; experience ; preference induction ; host-habitat location ; parasitoid foraging ; infochemical ; diet breadth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comparison of closely related species can elucidate adaptive differences in species characteristics. The present study compares the effect of experience on the host-finding behaviour of two Cotesia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid species that differ in their degree of specialization. After multiple experiences with host larvae, females of the generalist parasitoid Cotesia glomerata showed a clear preference for volatiles from Pieris brassicae-infested Brussels sprouts leaves over P. rapae-infested Brussels sprouts leaves in two-choice tests (‘preference learning at herbivore level’). A single experience with a host did not lead to such preferences. Experience of adult C. glomerata with different P. brassicae-infested cabbage varieties or nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) led to preferences for the experienced plant-host complex in most cases (‘preference learning at plant level’). No effect of rearing plant (early adult learning) on plant preference was found. In contrast to the generalist C. glomerata, females of the specialist C. rubecula did not show preference learning at the herbivore level. At the plant level, experience with different P. rapae-infested cabbage varieties in no case resulted in a difference in preference between treatments. The results support the hypothesis that learning plays a more important role in searching in generalists than in specialist parasitoids. The behaviour of the generalist C. glomerata was more easily changed by experience than that of the specialist C. rubecula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003186706517
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray-induced Metal Reduction in Polymer Hosts (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS ; x-ray-induced metal reduction ; metal-containing polymer ; PdCl2 ; polyvinylpyrrolidone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the rapid modification of the palladium 3d photoelectron spectrum obtained from a mixed PdCl2/PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) film on glass. Chemical transformation of up to one-third of the Pd is observed under XPS analysis conditions that are routinely used for swift survey scans. The alterations can be assigned uniquely to the combination of this x-ray-insensitive metal salt and its polymer host. If this finding can be generalized to other inorganics in or on organic matrices, it has severe implications for the alleged non-destructiveness of XPS surface analysis when addressing certain problems in this technologically increasingly important class of material combinations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of MMT adsorption on soils by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Headspace Analysis Gas-phase Infrared Spectroscopy (HAGIS) (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: MMT ; soils ; interactions ; Fourier-transform IR ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and headspace analysis gas-phase infrared spectroscopy (HAGIS) were used to investigate interactions between soils and the gasoline additive methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl (MMT). Various soil samples, as well as alumina and silica substrates, were studied. Each substrate exhibited a splitting or broadening of the degenerate e ν(CO) band of MMT, suggesting an interaction involving one or two of the CO ligands. The adsorption was shown to be reversible under relatively mild conditions using HAGIS. The proposed interaction is of the Brønsted type, involving the carbonyl oxygen and a surface-bound water or hydroxyl group. This type of interaction could stabilize MMT by inhibiting photo-ejection of CO ligands, a common first step in the decomposition of organometallic carbonyl compounds such as MMT. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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