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Nuclear genes required for post-translational steps in the biogenesis of the chloroplast cytochrome b 6 f complex in maize (1995)

Voelker, Rodger ; Barkan, Alice

Springer

Molecular genetics and genomics 249 (1995), S. 507-514

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ISSN: 1617-4623

Keywords: Chloroplast ; Maize ; Organelle biogenesis ; Cytochrome b 6 f ; Thylakoid membrane

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Nuclear genes essential for the biogenesis of the chloroplast cytochrome b 6 f complex were identified by mutations that cause the specific loss of the complex. We describe four transposon-induced maize mutants that lack cytochrome b 6 f proteins but contain normal levels of other photosynthetic complexes. The four mutations define two nuclear genes. To identify the step at which each mutation blocks protein accumulation, mRNAs encoding each subunit were examined by Northern hybridization analysis and the rates of subunit synthesis were examined in pulse-labeling experiments. In each mutant the mRNAs encoding the known subunits of the complex were normal in size and abundance and the major subunits were synthesized at normal rates. Thus, these mutations block the biogenesis of the cytochrome b 6 f complex at a post-translational step. The two nuclear genes identified by these mutations may encode previously unknown subunits, be involved in prosthetic group synthesis or attachment, or facilitate assembly of the complex. These mutations were also used to provide evidence for the authenticity of a proposed fifth subunit of the complex and to demonstrate a role for the cytochrome b 6 f complex in protecting photosystem 11 from light-induced degradation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290576

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First steps from a two-dimensional protein index towards a response-regulation map for Bacillus subtilis (1997)

Antelmann, Haike ; Bernhardt, Jörg ; Schmid, Roland ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1451-1463

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ISSN: 0173-0835

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Protein index ; Stress proteins ; SigmaB ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Data on the identification of proteins of Bacillus subtilis on two-dimensional (2-D) gels as well as their regulation are summarized and the identification of 56 protein spots is included. The pattern of proteins synthesized in Bacillus subtilis during exponential growth, during starvation for glucose or phosphate, or after the imposition of stresses like heat shock, salt- and ethanol stress as well as oxidative stress was analyzed. N-terminal sequencing of protein spots allowed the identification of 93 proteins on 2-D gels, which are required for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides, the generation of ATP, for glycolyses, the pentose phosphate cycle, the citric acid cycle as well as for adaptation to a variety of stress conditions. A computer-aided analysis of the 2-D gels was used to monitor the synthesis profile of more than 130 protein spots. Proteins performing housekeeping functions during exponential growth displayed a reduced synthesis rate during stress and starvation, whereas spots induced during stress and starvation were classified as specific stress proteins induced by a single stimulus or a group of related stimuli, or as general stress proteins induced by a variety of entrely different stimuli. The analysis of mutants in global regulators was initiated in order to establish a response regulation map for B. subtilis. These investigations demonstrated that the alternative sigma factor σB is involved in the regulation of almost all of the general stress proteins and that the phoPR two-component system is required for the induction of a large part but not all of the proteins induced by phosphate starvation.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.