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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: The function of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-preferring glutamate receptor can be regulated by extracellular pH, a process that may be important during ischemia in the brain or during seizures. Protons inhibit NMDA receptor function by 50 percent at pH 7.3 through interactions with the NR1 subunit, and both polyamines and NR1 exon 5 potentiate receptor function through relief of the tonic proton inhibition present at physiological pH. A single amino acid (lysine 211) was identified that mediates the effects of exon 5 in the rat brain. Electroneutral substitutions at this position restored pH sensitivity and, consequently, polyamine relief of tonic inhibition. This effect, together with the structural similarities between polyamines and the surface loop encoded by exon 5, suggest that exon 5 may act as a tethered pH-sensitive constitutive modulator of NMDA receptor function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Traynelis, S F -- Hartley, M -- Heinemann, S F -- NS08549/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28709/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):873-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Exons ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lysine/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oocytes ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protons ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Spermine/*pharmacology ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: The papillomavirus E2 protein regulates viral transcription and DNA replication through interactions with cellular and viral proteins. The amino-terminal activation domain, which represents a protein class whose structural themes are poorly understood, contains key residues that mediate these functional contacts. The crystal structure of a protease-resistant core of the human papillomavirus type 18 E2 activation domain reveals a novel fold creating a cashew-shaped form with a glutamine-rich alpha helix packed against a beta-sheet framework. The protein surface shows extensive overlap of determinants for replication and transcription. The structure broadens the concept of activators to include proteins with potentially malleable, but certainly ordered, structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, S F -- Botchan, M R -- CA30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA42414/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1673-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Replication ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*chemistry/physiology ; Papillomaviridae/*chemistry/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Trans-Activators/*chemistry/physiology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1997-06-20
    Description: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a potent antimicrobial protein of 456 residues, binds to and neutralizes lipopolysaccharides from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. At a resolution of 2.4 angstroms, the crystal structure of human BPI shows a boomerang-shaped molecule formed by two similar domains. Two apolar pockets on the concave surface of the boomerang each bind a molecule of phosphatidylcholine, primarily by interacting with their acyl chains; this suggests that the pockets may also bind the acyl chains of lipopolysaccharide. As a model for the related plasma lipid transfer proteins, BPI illuminates a mechanism of lipid transfer for this protein family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beamer, L J -- Carroll, S F -- Eisenberg, D -- GM31299/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 20;276(5320):1861-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UCLA-DOE Laboratory of Structural Biology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9188532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Binding Sites ; Blood Bactericidal Activity ; Blood Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; *Membrane Proteins ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) is an autosomal dominant epilepsy of infancy, with loci mapped to human chromosomes 20q13.3 and 8q24. By positional cloning, a potassium channel gene (KCNQ2) located on 20q13.3 was isolated and found to be expressed in brain. Expression of KCNQ2 in frog (Xenopus laevis) oocytes led to potassium-selective currents that activated slowly with depolarization. In a large pedigree with BFNC, a five-base pair insertion would delete more than 300 amino acids from the KCNQ2 carboxyl terminus. Expression of the mutant channel did not yield measurable currents. Thus, impairment of potassium-dependent repolarization is likely to cause this age-specific epileptic syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biervert, C -- Schroeder, B C -- Kubisch, C -- Berkovic, S F -- Propping, P -- Jentsch, T J -- Steinlein, O K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):403-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epilepsy/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; Pedigree ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: The de novo design of peptides and proteins has recently emerged as an approach for investigating protein structure and function. Designed, helical peptides provide model systems for dissecting and quantifying the multiple interactions that stabilize secondary structure formation. De novo design is also useful for exploring the features that specify the stoichiometry and stability of alpha-helical coiled coils and for defining the requirements for folding into structures that resemble native, functional proteins. The design process often occurs in a series of discrete steps. Such steps reflect the hierarchy of forces required for stabilizing tertiary structures, beginning with hydrophobic forces and adding more specific interactions as required to achieve a unique, functional protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bryson, J W -- Betz, S F -- Lu, H S -- Suich, D J -- Zhou, H X -- O'Neil, K T -- DeGrado, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):935-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thermodynamics ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-03-15
    Description: Human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype of the Spumavirus genus of Retroviridae. In all other retroviruses, the pol gene products, including reverse transcriptase, are synthesized as Gag-Pol fusion proteins and are cleaved to functional enzymes during viral budding or release. In contrast, the Pol protein of HFV is translated from a spliced messenger RNA and lacks Gag domains. Infectious HFV particles contain double-stranded DNA similar in size to full-length provirus, suggesting that reverse transcription has taken place in viral particles before new rounds of infection, reminiscent of hepadnaviruses. These data suggest that foamy viruses possess a replication pathway containing features of both retroviruses and hepadnaviruses but distinct from both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, S F -- Baldwin, D N -- Gwynn, S R -- Yendapalli, S -- Linial, M L -- CA18282/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA60357/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL53762/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 15;271(5255):1579-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Fusion Proteins, gag-pol/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Products, gag/biosynthesis/genetics ; Gene Products, pol/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, gag ; Genes, pol ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Retroviridae/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Spumavirus/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; *Virus Replication
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: Multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome characterized by tumors in parathyroids, enteropancreatic endocrine tissues, and the anterior pituitary. DNA sequencing from a previously identified minimal interval on chromosome 11q13 identified several candidate genes, one of which contained 12 different frameshift, nonsense, missense, and in-frame deletion mutations in 14 probands from 15 families. The MEN1 gene contains 10 exons and encodes a ubiquitously expressed 2.8-kilobase transcript. The predicted 610-amino acid protein product, termed menin, exhibits no apparent similarities to any previously known proteins. The identification of MEN1 will enable improved understanding of the mechanism of endocrine tumorigenesis and should facilitate early diagnosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandrasekharappa, S C -- Guru, S C -- Manickam, P -- Olufemi, S E -- Collins, F S -- Emmert-Buck, M R -- Debelenko, L V -- Zhuang, Z -- Lubensky, I A -- Liotta, L A -- Crabtree, J S -- Wang, Y -- Roe, B A -- Weisemann, J -- Boguski, M S -- Agarwal, S K -- Kester, M B -- Kim, Y S -- Heppner, C -- Dong, Q -- Spiegel, A M -- Burns, A L -- Marx, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Transfer, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Exons ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: A gene, ATM, that is mutated in the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was identified by positional cloning on chromosome 11q22-23. AT is characterized by cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, chromosomal instability, cancer predisposition, radiation sensitivity, and cell cycle abnormalities. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, with four complementation groups that have been suspected to represent different genes. ATM, which has a transcript of 12 kilobases, was found to be mutated in AT patients from all complementation groups, indicating that it is probably the sole gene responsible for this disorder. A partial ATM complementary DNA clone of 5.9 kilobases encoded a putative protein that is similar to several yeast and mammalian phosphatidylinositol-3' kinases that are involved in mitogenic signal transduction, meiotic recombination, and cell cycle control. The discovery of ATM should enhance understanding of AT and related syndromes and may allow the identification of AT heterozygotes, who are at increased risk of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savitsky, K -- Bar-Shira, A -- Gilad, S -- Rotman, G -- Ziv, Y -- Vanagaite, L -- Tagle, D A -- Smith, S -- Uziel, T -- Sfez, S -- Ashkenazi, M -- Pecker, I -- Frydman, M -- Harnik, R -- Patanjali, S R -- Simmons, A -- Clines, G A -- Sartiel, A -- Gatti, R A -- Chessa, L -- Sanal, O -- Lavin, M F -- Jaspers, N G -- Taylor, A M -- Arlett, C F -- Miki, T -- Weissman, S M -- Lovett, M -- Collins, F S -- Shiloh, Y -- HG00882/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- NS31763/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/*genetics ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Radiation Tolerance ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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