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  • Other Sources  (344)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (154)
  • Solar Physics  (123)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 1995-1999  (344)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: An engineering prototype linear ion trap frequency standar (LITS-4) using (sup 199)Hg+ is operational and currently under test for NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN). The DSN requires high stability and reliability with continuous operation.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: It is often argued that substantially more carbon dioxide and water were degassed from the martian interior than can be found at present in the atmosphere, polar caps and regolith. Calculations have shown that atmospheric escape cannot account for all of the missing volatiles. Suggestions that carbon dioxide is stored as marine or lacustrine deposits, are challenged by Earth-based and spacecraft remote-sensing data. Moreover, recent modelling of the martian atmosphere suggests that rainfall or open bodies of water are in any case unlikely to have persisted for extended periods of time. Hydrothermal carbonates therefore provide a possible solution to this dilemma. Using an accessible terrestrial system (Iceland) as a guide to the underlying processes, and a host rock composition inferred from the least-altered martian meteorite, we present a geochemical model for the formation of carbonates in possible martian hydrothermal systems. Our results suggest that an extensive reservoir of carbonate minerals--equivalent to an atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide of at least one bar--could have been sequestered beneath the surface by widespread hydrothermal activity in the martian past.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); Volume 377; 6548; 406-8
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The importance of interstellar neutrals in understanding and modelling the global interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium is becoming increasingly apparent. Unfortunately the self-consistent inclusion of a neutral interstellar component into time-dependent, dynamical models is formidably difficult due to the extremely large mean free paths associated with the neutrals and the creation of essentially different neutral distributions from different interaction regions of the solar wind and LISM. In full generality, one has to address the problem by treating the neutrals kinetically with the appropriate extinction and creation source terms. In this paper, a limited set of simulations will be presented in which the solar wind and interstellar plasma is described as a 2D fully compressible time-dependent fluid while the interstellar neutral distribution is derived by solving the appropriate Boltzmann equation directly.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: International Solar Wind 8 Conference; 109; NASA-CR-199940
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The Lunar Prospector (LP) spacecraft has provided the first polar low latitude measurement of the lunar gravity field and as a result gives significant improvement in the lunar gravity field model.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The primary goal of the Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer on Spartan 201 (UVCS/Spartan) is to make spectroscopic diagnostic measurements that can be used to derive plasma parameters in the extended solar corona where it is believed that significant heating of the corona and acceleration of the solar wind take place. Direct and indirect measurements of particle velocity distribution, thermal and non-thermal temperatures, and bulk outflow velocities are crucial to aid in the identification of physical processes that may be responsible for coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. UVCS/Spartan has made two flights in April 1993 and September 1994, the latter coinciding with the South Polar Passage of the Ulysses spacecraft. Observations were made of the large-scale structures and sub-structures of coronal holes and streamers at heliocentric heights between 1.5 solar radii and 3.5 solar radii. Measurements were made of H I Lyman-alpha intensities and profiles, and line intensities of minor ions like O(5+) and Fe(11+). We will present results from the flights and discuss how these measurements are used to constrain values for the proton thermal and non-thermal kinetic temperatures, proton bulk outflow velocities, and minor ion temperatures and bulk outflow velocities. Plans for the upcoming flight in July 1995 will also be discussed.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: International Solar Wind 8 Conference; 29; NASA-CR-199940
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We investigate spectral evolution in 37 bright, long gamma-ray bursts observed with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) spectroscopy detectors. High-resolution spectra are chracterized by the energy of the peak of nu F(sub nu), and the evolution of this quantity is examined relative to the emission intensity. In most cases it is found that this peak energy either rises with or slightly precedes major intensity increases and softens for the remainder of the pulse. Interpulse emission is generally harder early in the burst. For bursts with multiple intensity pulses, later spikes tend to be softer than earlier ones, indicating that the energy of the peak of nu F(sub nu) is bounded by an envelope which decays with time. Evidence is found that bursts in which the bulk of the flux comes well after the event which triggers the instrument tend to show less peak energy variability and are not as hard as several bursts in which the emission occurs promptly after the trigger. Several recently proposed burst models are examined in light of these results and no qualitative conflicts with the observations presented here are found.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 439; 1; p. 307-321
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The unusual variable star AM CVn has puzzled astronomers for over 40 years. This object, both a photometric and spectroscopic variable, is believed to contain a pair of hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs of extreme mass ratio, transferring material via an accretion disk. We examine the photometric properties of AM CVn, analyzing 289 hours of high-speed photometric data spanning 1976 to 1992. The power spectrum displays significant peaks at 988.7, 1248.8, 1902.5, 2853.8, 3805.2, 4756.5, and 5707.8 microHz (1011.4, 800.8, 525.6, 350.4, 262.8, 210.2, and 175.2 s). We find no detectable power at 951.3 microHz (1051 s), the previously reported main frequency. The 1902.5, 2853.9, and 3805.2 microHz peaks are multiplets, with frequency splitting in each case of 20.77 +/- 0.05 microHz. The 1902.5 microHz seasonal pulse shapes are identical, within measurement noise, and maintain the same amplitude and phase as a function of color. We have determined the dominant frequency to be 1902.50902 +/- 0.00001 microHz with dot P = +1.71 (+/- 0.04) x 10(exp -11) s/s. We discuss the implications of these findings on a model for AM CVn.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 445; 2; p. 927-938
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The fluxes in passbands 0.1 nm wide and centered on the Ca II H and K emission cores have been monitored in 111 stars of spectral type F2-M2 on or near the main sequence in a continuation of an observing program started by O. C. Wilson. Most of the measurements began in 1966, with observations scheduled monthly until 1980, when observations were schedueld sevral times per week. The records, with a long-term precision of about 1.5%, display fluctuations that can be idntified with variations on timescales similar to the 11 yr cycle of solar activity as well as axial rotation, and the growth and decay of emitting regions. We present the records of chromospheric emission and general conclusions about variations in surface magnetic activity on timescales greater than 1 yr but less than a few decades. The results for stars of spectral type G0-K5 V indicate a pattern of change in rotation and chromospheric activity on an evolutionary timescale, in which (1) young stars exhibit high average levels of activity, rapid rotation rates, no Maunder minimum phase and rarely display a smooth, cyclic variation; (2) stars of intermediate age (approximately 1-2 Gyr for 1 solar mass) have moderate levels of activity and rotation rates, and occasional smooth cycles; and (3) stars as old as the Sun and older have slower rotation rates, lower activity levels and smooth cycles with occasional Maunder minimum-phases.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 438; 1; p. 269-287
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The spatial distribution of plasma parameters in the extended corona, derived from the ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer (UVCS) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), was investigated. The observations were carried out during the SOHO whole month campaign. Daily coronal scans in the H I Lyman alpha and O VI lambda-lambda 1032 A and 1037 A were used. Maps of outflow velocities of O(5+), based on Doppler dimming of the O VI lines, are discussed. The velocity distribution widths of O(5+) are shown to be a clear signature of coronal holes while the velocity distributions for H(0) show a much smaller effect. The possible physical explanations for some of the observed features are discussed.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 691-696
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The observations of the ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer (UVCS), operating onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, are discussed. The purpose of the UVCS is the study of the quiescent coronal streamer and the slow solar wind. The observations started in January 1996. Polarized radiance data in the visible continuum were obtained. Some characteristics of the coronal streamer from the UVCS recorded data are discussed. A model for the source of the slow solar wind in the inner corona is proposed.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 75-84
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