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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Boranes ; Ruthenium ; Sandwich Complexes ; Diboroles ; Triple-decker ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition products of lithium alkyls and the pentaalkyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-diborole derivatives 5a-f react with [{(C5Me5)RuCl}4] and [{(C5Me4Et)RuCl}4] to form the violet sandwich compounds 2*c-f and 2∧c, f. These formally 16 VE complexes are in fact electron-poor 18 VE species, because a high-lying combination of σ(B-C) orbitals interacts with the dxz orbital of the Ru atom. Addition of tert-butyl isocyanide to 2*a, or 2*d leads to the isonitrile complexes 6*a, and 6*d, as indicated by the spectroscopic data and X-ray structure analyses. At low temperature the interaction of 2*a, c, or e with H2 yields the classic dihydride complexes 7*a, c, and e, respectively, which have been studied by NMR. Oxidative addition of H3B·THF to the ruthenium atom of 2*a or c, followed by a reductive elimination of H2 and migration of the boranediyl group gives the yellow closo-RuC3B3 ruthenacarboranes 8*a and 8*c, respectively. The reaction of [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 and 2*c generates the tetranuclear complex 9*c.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We obtained the first high-dispersion IUE spectrum, and an additional low-dispersion spectrum of the very young planetary nebula He 3-1357 and its central star SDAO 244567. In 1988, it showed a very strong C IV lambda-1549 P Cygni profile which diminished and has disappeared by 1994, but C IV absorptions are seen in a high-resolution spectrum. The electron density from the C III F(lambda 1907)/F(lambda 1909) emission ratio is log N(sub e) = 4.1/cc. The older IUE data were reprocessed, and emission-line fluxes vary greatly for the period 1988-1994. The high-dispersion data show a rich Fe V and Fe VI absorption spectrum.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 443; 1; p. 245-248
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Cirrus cloud optical and structural properties were measured above southern Wisconsin in two time segments between 18:07 and 21:20 GMT on December 1, 1989 by the volume imaging lidar (VIL) and the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and the visible infrared spin scan radiometer (VISSR) atmospheric sounder (VAS) on GOES. A new technique was used to calculate the cirrus cloud visible aerosol backscatter cross sections for a single channel elastic backscatter lidar. Cirrus clouds were viewed simultaneously by the VIL and the HSRL. This allowed the HSRL aerosol backscatter cross sections to be directly compared to the VIL single channel backscattered signal. This first attempt resulted in an adequate calibration. The calibration was extended to all the cirrus clouds in the mesoscale volume imaged by the VIL.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Lidar Observations of the Optical Properties and 3-Dimensional Structure of Cirrus Clouds; NASA-CR-201403
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Aircraft icing endangers aviators, restricts surveillance opportunities, and reduces combat effectiveness.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Battlespace Atmosphere and Cloud Impacts on Military App. Conference; Hanscom AFB, MA; United States
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  • 5
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: American Meteorological Society, 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs), which exist in a large fraction of galaxies, may be the least luminous manifestation of quasar activity. As such, they may make possible the study of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) phenomenon in the nearest galaxies. The nature of LINERs has, however, remained controversial because an AGN-like nonstellar continuum source has not been directly observed in them. We report the detection of bright (greater than or approximately = 2 x 10(exp -16) ergs/s/sq cm/A), unresolved (full width at half maximum (FWHM) less than or approximately = 0.1 sec) point sources of UV (approximately 2300 A) emission in the nuclei of nine nearby galaxies. The galaxies were imaged using the Faint Object Camera (FOC) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and seven of them are from a complete sample of 110 nearby galaxies that was observed with HST. Ground-based optical spectroscopy reveals that five of the nuclei are LINERs, three are starburst nuclei, and one is a Seyfert nucleus. The observed UV flux in each of the five LINERs implies an ionizing flux that is sufficient to account to the observed emission lines through photoionization. The detection of a strong UV continuum in the LINERs argues against shock excitation as the source of the observed emission lines, and supports the idea that photoionization excites the lines in at least some objects of this class. We have analyzed ground-based spectra for most of the northern-hemisphere galaxies in the HST sample and find that 26 of them are LINERs, among which only the above five LINERs have a detected nuclear UV source.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 440; 1; p. 91-99
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The WINter Cloud Experiment (WINCE) was directed and supported by personnel from the University of Wisconsin in January and February. Data sets of good quality were collected by the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) and other instruments on the NASA ER2; they will be used to develop and validate cloud detection and cloud property retrievals over winter scenes (especially over snow). Software development focused on utilities needed for all of the UW product executables; preparations for Version 2 software deliveries were almost completed. A significant effort was made, in cooperation with SBRS and MCST, in characterizing and understanding MODIS PFM thermal infrared performance; crosstalk in the longwave infrared channels continues to get considerable attention.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA-CR-205072 , NAS 1.26:205072
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Emergency Response Dose Assessment System (ERDAS) is a system which combines the mesoscale meteorological prediction model RAMS with the diffusion models REEDM and HYPACT. Operators use a graphical user interface to run the models for emergency response and toxic hazard planning at CCAS/KCS. The Applied Meteorology Unit has been evaluating the ERDAS meteorological and diffusion models and obtained the following results: (1) RAMS adequately predicts the occurrence of the daily sea breeze during non-cloudy conditions for several cases. (2) RAMS shows a tendency to predict the sea breeze to occur slightly earlier and to move it further inland than observed. The sea breeze predictions could most likely be improved by better parameterizing the soil moisture and/or sea surface temperatures. (3) The HYPACT/REEDM/RAMS models accurately predict launch plume locations when RAMS winds are accurate and when the correct plume layer is modeled. (4) HYPACT does not adequately handle plume buoyancy for heated plumes since all plumes are presently treated as passive tracers. Enhancements should be incorporated into the ERDAS as it moves toward being a fully operational system and as computer workstations continue to increase in power and decrease in cost. These enhancements include the following: activate RAMS moisture physics; use finer RAMS grid resolution; add RAMS input parameters (e.g. soil moisture, radar, and/or satellite data); automate data quality control; implement four-dimensional data assimilation; modify HYPACT plume rise and deposition physics; and add cumulative dosage calculations in HYPACT.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA-CR-202459 , NAS 1.26:202459
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A major milestone was accomplished with the delivery of all five University of Wisconsin MODIS Level 2 science production software packages to the Science Data Support Team (SDST) for integration. These deliveries were the culmination of months of design and testing, with most of the work focused on tasks peripheral to the actual science contained in the code. LTW hosted a MODIS infrared calibration workshop in September. Considerable progress has been made by MCST, with help from LTW, in refining the calibration algorithm, and in identifying and characterization outstanding problems. Work continues on characterizing the effects of non-blackbody earth surfaces on atmospheric profile retrievals and modeling radiative transfer through cirrus clouds.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA/CR-97-206771 , NAS 1.26:206771
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  • 10
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Submillimeter-wave cloud ice radiometry is a new and innovative technique for characterizing cirrus ice clouds. Cirrus clouds affect Earth's climate and hydrological cycle by reflecting incoming solar energy, trapping outgoing IR radiation, sublimating into vapor, and influencing atmospheric circulation. Since uncertainties in the global distribution of cloud ice restrict the accuracy of both climate and weather models, successful development of this technique could provide a valuable tool for investigating how clouds affect climate and weather. Cloud ice radiometry could fill an important gap in the observational capabilities of existing and planned Earth-observing systems. Using submillimeter-wave radiometry to retrieve properties of ice clouds can be understood with a simple model. There are a number of submillimeter-wavelength spectral regions where the upper troposphere is transparent. At lower tropospheric altitudes water vapor emits a relatively uniform flux of thermal radiation. When cirrus clouds are present, they scatter a portion of the upwelling flux of submillimeter-wavelength radiation back towards the Earth as shown in the diagram, thus reducing the upward flux o f energy. Hence, the power received by a down-looking radiometer decreases when a cirrus cloud passes through the field of view causing the cirrus cloud to appear radiatively cool against the warm lower atmospheric thermal emissions. The reduction in upwelling thermal flux is a function of both the total cloud ice content and mean crystal size. Radiometric measurements made at multiple widely spaced frequencies permit flux variations caused by changes in crystal size to be distinguished from changes in ice content, and polarized measurements can be used to constrain mean crystal shape. The goal of the cloud ice radiometry program is to further develop and validate this technique of characterizing cirrus. A multi-frequency radiometer is being designed to support airborne science and spacecraft validation missions. This program has already extended the initial millimeter-wave modeling studies to submillimeter-wavelengths and has improved the realism of the cloud scattering models. Additionally a proof-of-concept airborne submillimeter-wave radiometer was constructed and fielded. It measured a radiometric signal from cirrus confirming the basic technical feasibility of this technique. This program is a cooperative effort of the University of Colorado, Colorado State University, Swales Aerospace, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Additional information is contained in the original.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Climate Variability Program; 37; JPL-Publ-99-7
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