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  • Glycosylation, intramolecular  (3)
  • 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase  (2)
  • Clusiaceae  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyridine nucleotide levels and activities of dehydrogenases in cambial derivatives ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cambial differentiation ; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; NAD kinase ; Pyridine nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Despite the importance of the vascular cambial differentiation, little is known about its regulation. In order to address this problem we attempted to biochemically characterize differentiating xylem and phloem elements during the early stages of development. By applying techniques of quantitative histochemistry we show that the total pool size of pyridine nucleotides is similar in the phloem (PD) and xylem (XD) oriented derivatives of the cambial zone of trees ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. Within the PD zone, the amount of NAD + NADH exceeded that of NADP + NADPH [around 600 versus 200 pmol (mg dry weight)-1], possibly indicative of a preponderance of catabolic pathways (ratio of NADH∶NAD about 1). In contrast, the NADP(H) system dominated in the XD zone. This coincided with a high activity of NAD kinase. In addition, the extractable activities of the key enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, were greatly increased. At a ratio of NADPH∶NADP of approximately 1, this could be indicative of increased rates of reductive biosyntheses, and could thus well be involved in early steps of the formation of phenols and lignin monomers. Taken together, this first approach clearly shows that phloem-oriented and xylem-oriented cambial descendents exhibit distinct differences in their biochemical patterns even in early stages of differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340779
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios and nitrogen levels in leaves ofClusia species and two other Clusiaceae genera at various sites and different altitudes in Venezuela (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Altitude ; Carbon isotope ratio ; Clusiaceae ; Crassulacean acid metabolism ; Deuterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Samples of the Clusiaceae generaClusia, Oedematopus andDystovomita were collected at various sites and different altitudes in northern and south-western Venezuela. Analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen and of leaf-nitrogen levels were performed on the dried samples. Correlations among these variables, i.e. carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), hydrogen isotope ratio (δD) and N-levels, and with altitude were assessed. In the samples, where values of Δ above 15‰ indicate predominant performance of C3 photosynthesis, there were slight tendencies of increasing Δ, δD and N-levels with increasing altitude and of increasing Δ with increasing N. Although these correlations taken separately were not statistically significant, they support each other and indicate increasing transpiration and increased leaf-nutrient supply at increasing altitude. Performance of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in species ofClusia appears to be restricted to altitudes below 1500 m a.s.l. There was a significant negative correlation of Δ with altitude in the samples, where values of Δ below 10‰ indicated predominant performance of CAM. This suggests that phases II and IV of CAM are progressively suppressed towards the upper altitudinal limit of CAM inClusia in northern Venezuela. It is concluded that among the large number of environmental factors and combinations thereof, which determine the expression of CAM inClusia and trigger C3-CAM transitions in C3/CAM intermediate species, low availability of water is the most important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185638
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyridine nucleotide levels and activities of dehydrogenases in cambial derivatives of Robinia pseudoacacia L . (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Cambial differentiation ; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; NAD kinase ; Pyridine nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Despite the importance of the vascular cambial differentiation, little is known about its regulation. In order to address this problem we attempted to biochemically characterize differentiating xylem and phloem elements during the early stages of development. By applying techniques of quantitative histochemistry we show that the total pool size of pyridine nucleotides is similar in the phloem (PD) and xylem (XD) oriented derivatives of the cambial zone of trees of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Within the PD zone, the amount of NAD + NADH exceeded that of NADP + NADPH [around 600 versus 200 pmol (mg dry weight)–1], possibly indicative of a preponderance of catabolic pathways (ratio of NADH : NAD about 1). In contrast, the NADP(H) system dominated in the XD zone. This coincided with a high activity of NAD kinase. In addition, the extractable activities of the key enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, were greatly increased. At a ratio of NADPH : NADP of approximately 1, this could be indicative of increased rates of reductive biosyntheses, and could thus well be involved in early steps of the formation of phenols and lignin monomers. Taken together, this first approach clearly shows that phloem-oriented and xylem-oriented cambial descendents exhibit distinct differences in their biochemical patterns even in early stages of differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009652
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios and nitrogen levels in leaves of Clusia species and two other Clusiaceae genera at various sites and different altitudes in Venezuela (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Altitude ; Carbon isotope ratio ; Clusiaceae ; Crassulacean acid metabolism ; Deuterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Samples of the Clusiaceae genera Clusia, Oedematopus and Dystovomita were collected at various sites and different altitudes in northern and south-western Venezuela. Analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen and of leaf-nitrogen levels were performed on the dried samples. Correlations among these variables, i. e. carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), hydrogen isotope ratio (δD) and N-levels, and with altitude were assessed. In the samples, where values of Δ above 15 ‰ indicate predominant performance of C3 photosynthesis, there were slight tendencies of increasing Δ, δD and N-levels with increasing altitude and of increasing Δ with increasing N. Although these correlations taken separately were not statistically significant, they support each other and indicate increasing transpiration and increased leaf-nutrient supply at increasing altitude. Performance of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in species of Clusia appears to be restricted to altitudes below 1500 m a. s. l. There was a significant negative correlation of Δ with altitude in the samples, where values of Δ below 10 ‰ indicated predominant performance of CAM. This suggests that phases II and IV of CAM are progressively suppressed towards the upper altitudinal limit of CAM in Clusia in northern Venezuela. It is concluded that among the large number of environmental factors and combinations thereof, which determine the expression of CAM in Clusia and trigger C3-CAM transitions in C3/CAM intermediate species, low availability of water is the most important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185638
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prearranged glycosides, 2Part 1: T. Ziegler, R. Lau, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 1417-1420.. Intramolecular glycosylation of prearranged saccharides as a novel strategy for the construction of β-L-rhamnosidic linkagesDedicated to Professor Dr. Franz Effenberger on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 1745-1754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Disaccharides ; Glycosylation, intramolecular ; β-L-Rhamnoside ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Disaccharides containing a β-L-rhamnosyl residue were prepared by a novel intramolecular glycosylation strategy. Thus, suitably benzyl-protected L-rhamnosyl donors (ethyl and phenyl 1-thiorhamnoside 7, 18) were prearranged in positions 2 and 3 with benzyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside 8 in position 3 by a malonyl, succinyl and phthaloyl bridge, respectively, to give the corresponding connected saccharides 9, 12, 16 and 20. After regioselective opening of the benzylidene ring of the glucoside residue to give compounds 10, 13, 17 and 21, the latter afforded the 3,2′- and 3,3′-bridged disaccharides 22-25 upon intramolecular glycosylation with a thiophilic reagent. The anomeric selectivity of this intramolecular glycosylation is strongly influenced by the nature of the alkanoyl and aroyl bridge, its position at the rhamnosyl residue and the solvent used for the coupling. Best results were obtained in acetonitrile with the succinyl „spacer“ attached to position 2 of the phenyl 1-thiorhamnoside and position 3 of the glucoside that afforded the corresponding β-(1→4)-linked disaccharide 22β in 76% yield.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1995199510245
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prearranged Glycosides, 4!Part 3: T. Zigler, G. Lemanski, A. Rakoczy, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 8973-8976.. Synthesis via Prearranged Glycosides of a Tetrasaccharide Fragment Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 27 (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 1599-1607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Tetrasaccharide, bacterial ; Glycosylation, intramolecular ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The blockwise synthesis of the pyruvated tetrasaccharide 4,6-(S)-pyruvic-acetal-β-d-GlcNAcp-(1→3)-α-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-O(CH2)5NH2 (32), related to the repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptoccus pneumoniae type 27, by coupling of the suitably protected disaccharide blocks 4,6(S)-pyruvic-acetal-β-d-GlcNAcp-(1→3)-α-d-Galp-trichloroacetimidate (13) and β-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-O(CH2)5NHZ (29β) is described. The latter disaccharide acceptor was prepared via prearranged glycosides by intramolecular glycosylation of a protected 5-aminopentyl β-d-glucopyranoside linked by a succinyl bridge at C-3 to C-2 of ethyl 1-thio-α-l-rhamnopyranoside. The dependence of the anomeric selectivity of the coupling on the nature of the protecting group at C-4 of the rhamnosyl moiety is studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199619961016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double Asymmetric Induction During Intramolecular Glycosylation (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Glycosides ; Glycosylation, intramolecular ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Iodosuccinimide activation of prearranged glycosides constructed out of phenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-α-L- and -D-mannopyranosides which are linked by a succinyl spacer via position 6 to position 3 of the benzyl 2-O-benzoyl-6-O-benzyl-α-L- and -D-glucopyranosides (6,3-prearranged L-Man/L-Glc, D-Man/D-Glc, L-Man/D-Glc, and D-Man/L-Glc) affords α/β-mixtures of the corresponding 3,6′-succinyl bridged disaccharides Man-(1→4)-Glc in 70-78% yield. The diastereoselectivity of the intramolecular glycosylation is independent of the topographic properties of the prearranged glycosides (the α-anomers predominate for L-Man/L-Glc and D-Man/D-Glc) but depends on the geometric properties (the β-anomers predominate for L-Man/D-Glc and D-Man/L-Glc). Thus, a double asymmetric induction is operative during intramolecular glycosylation of prearranged glycosides. Furthermore, the diastereoselectivity strongly depends on the topological properties and on the donor moiety of the prearranged glycosides, since 2,3-prearranged L-Man/D-Glc affords solely the disaccharide α-L-Man-(1→4)-D-Glc whereas the corresponding L-Rha/D-Glc was previously shown to give predominantly the disaccharide β-L-Rha-(1→4)-D-Glc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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