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  • Articles  (3)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • Humans
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patents in combi-space: Patent challenges in combinatorial chemistry (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 61 (1998), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: combinatorial chemistry ; library ; array ; patent ; utility ; description requirement ; piracy ; algorithm ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Patent protection of inventions relating to combinatorial chemistry is attended by special challenges. The “breakthrough” nature of the field together with the always complex and often arcane chemical manipulations, apparatus, and strategies which suffuse this field make it difficult to describe the inventions adequately. It can be a challenge to communicate effectively with official authorities charged with patent examination. Extraordinary effort is called for in clarifying such inventions such that their patentability can be appreciated. The utility of some types of inventions in this field may be open to question; clear statements of at least one acceptable utility - even if only a minor utility - is beneficial. Because a principal product of many aspects of combinatorial chemistry is information, e.g., the identification of a lead compound, offshore “piracy” is a risk. Domestic claim tie-ins may improve the ability to abate such piracy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng (Comb Chem) 61:69-75, 1998.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using capillary electrophoresis/frontal analysis to screen drugs interacting with human serum proteins (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 448-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Frontal analysis ; Serum protein binding ; β-Blockers ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have used capillary electrophoresis in the frontal analysis mode (CE/FA) to determine the binding capacity of β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs to individual serum proteins, serum protein mixtures and human serum. The free drug concentration was directly measured from the height of the frontal peak and used to calculate the bound drug concentration. From the bound drug concentration, the percentage of drug bound to the serum proteins α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and human serum albumin (HSA) was then determined. In addition to determining the percent of a drug bound to a protein, the drug-protein association constant (Ka) was determined for AGP binding to β-blockers. The data-estimated association constants were consistent with literature values. The CE/FA studies on the β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs and the serum proteins indicated that HSA, AGP, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were the main contributors to serum binding for this series of compounds. The serum-drug binding data sorted the β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs into high and low binding categories. The protein mixture (AGP + HSA + HDL + LDL) resulted in dividing the β-blockers into the same high/low rankings. The protein mixture (AGP + HSA + HDL + LDL) was amenable to automation, did not autoaggregate, and had constant concentrations for the proteins.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150190315
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture of pachytene spermatocytes for analysis of meiosis (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 16 (1995), S. 128-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; meiosis ; synapsis ; synaptonemal complex ; G2-M transition ; okadaic acid ; actinomycin D ; camptothecin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An impediment to the investigation of mammalian spermatogenic meiosis has been the lack of an appropriate system for experimental manipulation of meiotic prophase cells. We report here the use of a simple system for the short-term culture of pachytene spermatocytes. We have assayed parameters of cell function pertinent to meiotic prophase, namely chromosome pairing and synapsis. During the culture period of 24-48 hr, cells maintained typical pachytene morphology, chromatin condensation patterns, and chromosome pairing, as assessed by light and electron microscopy. Uridine incorporation, monitored by autoradiography, reflected the chromosomal distribution found in vivo in that the autosomal chromosomes were transcriptionally active, while the sex chromosomes were not. Thus features of chromosome pairing and sex chromatin inactivation are maintained in these cultures. We have conducted experiments to demonstrate that cultured pachytene spermatocytes can be useful for the analysis of agents, some of which may be suspected mutagens, that might affect chromosome structure and function during meiosis. Treatment of cells with actinomycin D revealed a differential effect on chromatin condensation in the autosomes versus the sex chromosomes. Carnptothecin, a topoisomerase inhibitor, induced desynapsis of paired chromosomes. Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, induced premature metaphase-I condensation of pachytene chromosomes. This last experiment suggests that these cultured cells may be useful for analysis of meiotic cell cycle controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate a culture system that can be useful for analysis of meiotic events as well as in screening for potential mutagenic agents that might affect meiotic chromosome structure and function. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020160206
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