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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential induction of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 120-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic aromatic metabolism ; Benzoyl-CoA reductase ; Phenylphosphate carboxylase ; 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase ; 2-Aminobenzoate ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylacetyl-CoA ; Phenylglyoxylate ; Toluene ; CoA ligase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differential induction of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism of aromatic substrates was studied in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica. This metabolism is divided into (1) peripheral reactions transforming the aromatic growth substrates to the common intermediate benzoyl-CoA, (2) the central benzoyl-CoA pathway comprising ring-reduction of benzoyl-CoA and subsequent β-oxidation to 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA, and (3) the pathway of β-oxidation of 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA to three acetyl-CoA and CO2. Regulation was studied by three methods. 1. Determination of protein patterns of cells grown on different substrates. This revealed several strongly substrate-induced polypeptides that were missing in cells grown on benzoate or other intermediates of the respective metabolic pathways. 2. Measurement of activities of known enzymes involved in this metabolism in cells grown on different substrates. The enzyme pattern found is consistent with the regulatory pattern deduced from simultaneous adaptation of cells to utilisation of other aromatic substrates. 3. Immunological detection of catabolic enzymes in cells grown on different substrates. Benzoate-CoA ligase and 4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase were detected only in cells yielding the respective enzyme activity. However, presence of the subunits of benzoyl-CoA reductase and 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase was also recorded in some cell batches lacking enzyme activity. This possibly indicates an additional level of regulation on protein level for these two reductases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050623
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocation of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) resistance genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bulked segregant analysis ; Helianthus annuus ; linkage ; Plasmopara halstedii ; resistance genes ; RFLP ; sunflower ; downy mildew
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The Pl6 locus in the inbred sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) line HA335 giving resistance to French races of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni. was localized by molecular techniques. A bulked segregant analysis was made on the F2 progeny from a cross between this line and H52, a downy mildew susceptible line. The resistance gene in HA335 was found to have the same linked RFLP marker loci as those determined for Pl1 (resistance to race 1 in the line RHA266) on linkage group 1 of the consensus RFLP map of the cultivated sunflower. Pl1 and Pl6 thus appear either to be allelic or closely linked. The implications for sunflower breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of Defense Related Transcripts in Sunflower Hypocotyls (Helianthus annuus L.) Infected with Plasmopara halstedii (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 333-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: chitinase ; defense gene ; Helianthus annuus ; PAL ; Plasmopara halstedii ; ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone encoding a sunflower chitinase was obtained using degenerated primers in PCR amplifications and RACE procedures. This clone, a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) clone and ubiquitin clone were used to analyse the resistance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to downy mildew. The differential regulation of amounts of PAL (involved in the general pathway of phenylpropanoid synthesis), chitinase (a pathogenesis-related protein) and ubiquitin (involved in proteolytic pathways) mRNA was studied in hypocotyls during the early stages after an aerial infection of sunflower inbred line RHA274 with zoospores from either race 1 (incompatible, host resistant) or race B (compatible, host susceptible) of Plasmopara halstedii. Northern analyses showed that transcript levels of PAL, chitinase and ubiquitin were rapidly and strongly increased after infection in incompatible interactions but not in the compatible ones, suggesting that regulation of these mRNAs is an important component of the resistance mechanisms in sunflower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008770008117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopical studies of the effect of metalaxyl on the interaction between sunflower,Helianthus annuus L. and downy mildew,Plasmopara halstedii (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; hypersensitivity ; metalaxyl ; Plasmopara halstedii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The mode of action of the fungicide metalaxyl againstPlasmopara halstedii, the causal agent of sunflower downy mildew, was studied following its application before, during and after artificial contamination of seedlings. The development of the fungus within the treated seedlings was examined microscopically and compared to that occuring in untreated genetically susceptible or resistant genotypes. Hypersensitive-like reactions and necrotic zones leading to the inhibition of fungus growth within the hypocotyl were observed for the three modes of application. This suggests that sunflower defence mechanisms activated by genetical resistance are also involved in the control of downy mildew by metalaxyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymyxin B inhibits biphasic calcium phosphate degradation induced by lipopolysaccharide-activated human monocytes/macrophages (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 336-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic ; monocyte ; lipopolysaccharides ; polymyxin B ; cell degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Numerous cell types, such as monocytes and osteoclasts, are involved in calcified matrix degradation. In this context, calcium-phosphate ceramics present similar degradation processes in vivo and in vitro to those found in a natural calcified substrate. As the monocyte/macrophage lineage is among the first cells to appear in ceramic implantation sites, it is a key protagonist in inflammatory reaction and biodegradation mechanisms. This study investigated the ability of human monocytes/macrophages activated by various agents [lipopolysaccharides (LPS), polymyxin B (PMB)] to degrade biphasic calcium-phosphate ceramics. PMB sulfate is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that modulates LPS-induced cell activities in vivo and in vitro. Degradation pits (about 10 μm) produced on the pellet surface by these monocytes were discrete, with well defined margins. LPS increased the degradation of calcium-phosphate ceramic (number of lacunae, mean pellet surface area degraded) in a dose-dependent manner whereas polymyxin B downmodulated it significantly. The addition of 2 μg/mL of polymyxin B reduced the number of degradation lacunae and the extent of degraded surface area induced by 0.1 μg/mL LPS by 87% and 64%, respectively. Thus this cell culture system can be very useful in the study of cellular degradation of biomaterials and of the influence of therapeutic agents that may modulate these cell activities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Biomed Mater Res, 40, 336-340, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone stimulates the degradation of calcium phosphate biomaterial by human monocytes macrophages in vitro (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: growth hormone ; biphasic calcium phosphate ; monocyte ; lipopolysaccharides ; cell degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study investigated the effects of human growth hormone (hGH) on the monocyte/macrophage lineage, the first cell population involved in degradation of calcium phosphate ceramic after in vivo implantation. Monocytes isolated from human blood were cultured on biphasic calcium pellets (200 mg) for 8 days in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 0.5 μg/mL), hGH (10 and 50 ng/mL), or an association of LPS with hGH (10 and 50 ng/mL). Unlike LPS, hGH significantly decreased (about 25%) the total number of lacunae formed by monocytes. However, hGH induced the formation of lacunae with a greater surface area (about a 90% increase) as compared to the control. Finally, intense upmodulation (about a 250% increase) of lacuna surface area was observed in the presence of both soluble factors, suggesting that hGH and LPS act synergistically. In view of the development of a drug delivery system for hGH bone release, this study shows that hGH not only stimulates bone cells implicated in the synthesis of the extracellular matrix but also those involved in the early degradation of calcium phosphate biomaterial. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 79-85, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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