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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture of pachytene spermatocytes for analysis of meiosis (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 16 (1995), S. 128-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; meiosis ; synapsis ; synaptonemal complex ; G2-M transition ; okadaic acid ; actinomycin D ; camptothecin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An impediment to the investigation of mammalian spermatogenic meiosis has been the lack of an appropriate system for experimental manipulation of meiotic prophase cells. We report here the use of a simple system for the short-term culture of pachytene spermatocytes. We have assayed parameters of cell function pertinent to meiotic prophase, namely chromosome pairing and synapsis. During the culture period of 24-48 hr, cells maintained typical pachytene morphology, chromatin condensation patterns, and chromosome pairing, as assessed by light and electron microscopy. Uridine incorporation, monitored by autoradiography, reflected the chromosomal distribution found in vivo in that the autosomal chromosomes were transcriptionally active, while the sex chromosomes were not. Thus features of chromosome pairing and sex chromatin inactivation are maintained in these cultures. We have conducted experiments to demonstrate that cultured pachytene spermatocytes can be useful for the analysis of agents, some of which may be suspected mutagens, that might affect chromosome structure and function during meiosis. Treatment of cells with actinomycin D revealed a differential effect on chromatin condensation in the autosomes versus the sex chromosomes. Carnptothecin, a topoisomerase inhibitor, induced desynapsis of paired chromosomes. Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, induced premature metaphase-I condensation of pachytene chromosomes. This last experiment suggests that these cultured cells may be useful for analysis of meiotic cell cycle controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate a culture system that can be useful for analysis of meiotic events as well as in screening for potential mutagenic agents that might affect meiotic chromosome structure and function. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020160206
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  • 2
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    Dissociation of CH4 at high pressures and temperatures: diamond formation in giant planet interiors? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Experiments using laser-heated diamond anvil cells show that methane (CH4) breaks down to form diamond at pressures between 10 and 50 gigapascals and temperatures of about 2000 to 3000 kelvin. Infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy, along with x-ray diffraction, indicate the presence of polymeric hydrocarbons in addition to the diamond, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions. Dissociation of CH4 at high pressures and temperatures can influence the energy budgets of planets containing substantial amounts of CH4, water, and ammonia, such as Uranus and Neptune.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benedetti, L R -- Nguyen, J H -- Caldwell, W A -- Liu, H -- Kruger, M -- Jeanloz, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diamond/*chemistry ; Evolution, Planetary ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrocarbons/chemistry ; Methane/*chemistry ; *Neptune ; Pressure ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; *Uranus ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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