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  • Chemistry  (5)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial bone matrix formation at the hydroxyapatite interface in vivo (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Dense, sintered, slip-cast hydroxyapatite rods were implanted transfemorally in young adult rats. The femora were excised after 2 and 4 weeks and, following fixation, either embedded in methyl methacrylate for light microscopy, decalcified and prepared for transmission electron microscopy, or freeze fractured in liquid nitrogen for scanning electron microscopic analysis. The latter was performed on the two tissue fragments that remained after freeze fracturing, from which the first contained the implants and the second comprised tissue that had been immediately adjacent to the hydroxyapatite rods. Undecalcified light microscopic sections revealed extensive bone tissue formation around and in contact with the hydroxyapatite rods. The initial bone matrix apposed to the implant surface, as demonstrated with scanning electron microscopy, was either composed of globular deposits or an organized network of collagen fibers. The deposits, which ranged in size from 0.1-1.1 μm, fused to form a cement-like matrix to which collagen fibers were attached. Degradation of the hydroxyapatite surface resulted in the presence of unidirectionally aligned crystallites, with which the newly formed bone matrix was closely associated. Ultrastructural analysis of the bone-hydroxyapatite interface with transmission electron microscopy revealed a 50-600-nm-wide collagen-free granular zone, comprising one or more 40-100-nm-thick electron-dense layer(s). These structural arrangements most probably partially represent the globular deposits and proteinaceous material adsorbed onto and partially in the degrading hydroxyapatite surface. Although the latter change in surface topography may have enhanced bonding of the cement-like matrix to the hydroxyapatite, the cause for this change in topography and the type of bond formed are, at present, unknown. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290113
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of the bone-bioactive implant interface (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 36 (1997), S. 429-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: bone ; interface ; cement line ; bioactive glass ; AW glass ceramic ; hydroxyapatite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Rods of three bioactive materials, apatite/wollastonite glass ceramic (AW-GC), bioactive glass (BG), and dense slip-cast hydroxyapatite (HA), were implanted in the femora of 23 Wistar rats for periods of 1-4 weeks. The samples were harvested following vascular perfusion fixation and the femora freeze-fractured for scanning electron microscopy to expose the bone/implant interface. The focus of our observations was when new bone was forming on the implant surfaces irrespective of the implantation period. Scanning microscopy of the hydroxyapatite rods demonstrated that in areas where bone bonding had occurred, the implant surface was composed of globular accretions which fused to form a cement-like matrix to which collagen fibers were attached. Dissolution of individual grains of the implant surface created a roughened surface topography. Such features were not found in the transcortical portions of these implants. Similar globular accretions were also found on the surfaces of bulk AW-GC, although bone apposition was not disrupted by the critical point-drying procedure, and thus the interface was more difficult to image. Nevertheless, the collagen of the bony compartment interdigitated with an interfacial layer which was morphologically similar to that found on HA. The most surface reactive material, BG, demonstrated an interfacial structure where the surface reactive calcium phosphate layer was clearly distinguished from the underlying bulk implant material. However, this layer was separated from the overlying collagen-containing bony compartment by a second, thinner, calcified layer which corresponded to the cement line matrix into which the collagen fibers were inserted. Our results show that the new bone interface formed with these three bioactive materials is morphologically comparable to that of cement lines found naturally in bone-remodeling sites, and that this interfacial layer is formed on the chemically active surface of the biomaterial. The degree to which the cement line matrix interdigitated with the implant was a product of the reactivity of the implant surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 429-440, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric acid passivation of Ti6A14V reduces thickness of surface oxide layer and increases trace element release (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Passivation of Ti6Al4V and cpTi implants using methods based on the ASTM-F86 nitric acid protocol are used with the intention of reducing their surface reactivity, and consequently the corrosion potential, in the highly corrosive biologic milieu. The ASTM-F86 passivation protocol was originally developed for surgical implants made of stainless steel and chrome cobalt alloy. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to examine the effect of nitric acid passivation on the surface oxide layer of mill-annealed Ti6Al4V and cpTi, we have found that such treatment actually reduced the oxide thickness on the alloy while having no significant effect on the pure metal. These results correlated with observations obtained using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) to detect trace element release from solid, mill-annealed, Ti6Al4V and cpTi into serum-containing culture medium. We detected significantly greater levels of Ti, Al, and V in the presence of passivated compared to nonpassivated Ti6Al4V. In contrast, nitric acid passivation did not influence Ti release from mill-annealed Ti-based metals, would indicate that re-examination of ASTM-F86-based passivation protocols with respect to Ti6Al4V should be considered in view of the widespread use of this alloy for biomedical devices. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attachment, morphology, and protein expression of rat marrow stromal cells cultured on charged substrate surfaces (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: electrical stimulation ; cell attachment ; alkaline phosphatase ; osteopontin ; protein adsorption ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Although surface charge has been shown to affect the adhesion and morphology of a variety of cell types, the interactions of bone marrow stromal cells with charged surfaces still remain unclear. A novel electrical stimulation system was used to investigate the interactions between rat bone marrow stromal cells and charged substrates in this study. A conductive and transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coating was used as an electret substrate. Rat marrow stromal cells were cultured on positive, negative, and uncharged ITO surfaces. Cell attachment, morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of osteopontin and collagen type III were assessed using histochemical staining, immunolabeling, and fluorescence microscopy. Voltages of 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 V applied to the substrates created surface potentials but were insufficient to decompose the media. On positively charged ITO, cell attachment was enhanced in serum-supplemented and serum-free media. Furthermore, decreases in cell spreading, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteopontin were observed in cells grown on the positively charged ITO. These data indicate that positively charged surfaces enhance cell attachment but suppress cell spreading and differentiation of rat marrow stromal cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Biomed Mater Res, 42, 117-127, 1998.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform Raman and fourier transform ir spectroscopic investigation of pyrazine adsorbed by sepiolite and bentonite from anatolia (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 (1995), S. 883-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of pyrazine by two different Anatolian sepiolites and by natural and ion-exchanged (Fe, Co, Cu and Sn) bentonites was investigated by vibrational spectroscopy. The spectroscopic results indicate that the pyrazine molecules adsorbed on sepiolite and bentonites are coordinated to either surface hydroxyls by H-bonding interaction (in the case of sepiolite) or to exchangeable cations (in the case of bentonites) through both nitrogen lone pairs as bidentate ligands. X-ray diffraction patterns of the clays were also recorded and the basal spacings of pyrazine-treated natural and ion-exchanged bentonites were found to be around 14.7 Å. The results suggest that pyrazine molecules intercalate the interlayers of bentonite with a monolayer arrangement.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250260840
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